Ncaa Vs. Nba Draft - 939 Words

In college basketball players are entitled to entering the draft after their freshman year in college because of the one and done rule. NCAA does not believe they should entitled because they want the players to get a degree to secure their future. Also they are too immature for the things that come with being in the NBA. They are not fully prepared or developed for the NBA. I agree with the NCAA that they should increase the minimum of years for a college basketball player to enter the draft. You might wonder, what is the â€Å"one-and-done† rule exactly? â€Å"One-and-done† is when a player enters college and plays only one year and has a choice to either leave college for the NBA or stay for multiple years. NCAA and NBA implemented this rule because they believe that the players are too young and immature for the NBA. Before 2006, players were able to enter the NBA draft straight from high school. Prospects were not panning out and seemed like they needed a year or two develop their game. In other words, players were not meeting expectations. The NCAA wants to increase the amount of years to either two or three years that a player has to stay in college before they can consider entering the draft. The rule only lets a player enter the draft, if they’re 19 years old and one year removed from high school. Players would go to the draft because of financial reasons. Some grew up in poverty and by entering the draft would solve that problem. By creating a big pay day. Tiny Gallon said,Show MoreRelatedProfessional Basketball vs Ncaa College Basketball917 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast: Professional Basketball vs NCAA College Basketball Sports have became a huge part of our American culture. We are known worldwide for having produced some of the most top-ranked athletes in a wide variety of sports. 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The (1988-89) seasons produces $53 million and $66 million and was split between allRead MoreMichael Jordan And Kobe Bryant On Equal Footing With The Player1144 Words   |  5 PagesMichael vs Kobe The great Michael Jordan once said â€Å"To many players in today s NBA, Bryant stands on equal footing with the player he patterned his game after.† (http://www.foxsports.com/) I find it authentically interesting that if you ask Kobe Bryant he will willing confess to attempting to replicate Michael Jordan’s exclusive playing style. When Kobe was questioned concerning the allegations in regards to Kobe stealing MJ’s style of play this was his rebuttal â€Å"as a kid growing up in Italy, allRead MoreThe Legal Issue Selected And How It Affects The Sports World1860 Words   |  8 Pagessurrounding this sport law issue. 3. Suggest changes or modifications that might strengthen the current law. 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ESPNRead MoreEarly Entrance Of The National Football League Draft3467 Words   |  14 PagesEntrance: The Road to the National Football League Draft A recent article in the Wall Street Journal written in March 2014 discusses why underclassmen were suddenly leaving in droves for the NFL draft. A picture on the front depicts Johnny Manziel—who decided to leave Texas AM after his redshirt sophomore season. The article states, â€Å"Throughout the offices and film rooms of NFL teams, the whispers are building: This may be the deepest NFL draft ever. It also may be the one that ruins collegeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages6 (2005), pp. 1185–1203; and S. E. Scullen, M. K. Mount, and T. A. Judge, â€Å"Evidence of the Construct Validity of Developmental Ratings of Managerial Performance,† Journal of Applied Psychology 88, no. 1 (2003), pp. 50–66. 9. F. Luthans, â€Å"Successful vs. Effective Real Managers,† Academy of Management Executive (May 1988), pp. 127–132; and F. Luthan s, R. M. Hodgetts, and S. A. Rosenkrantz, Real Managers (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988). See also F. Shipper and J. Davy, â€Å"A Model and Investigation ofRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pages.............................................................................................................................. E x a m p l e 1 . 1 0 Graduation Rates for NCAA Division I Schools in California and Texas ââ€"  The Chronicle of Higher Education (Almanac Issue, August 31, 2001) reported graduation rates for NCAA Division I schools. The rates reported are the percentages of full-time freshmen in fall 1993 who had earned a bachelor’s degree by August 1999. Data from the two largest statesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages269 United Chemical Company 269 Byron vs. Thomas 271 Active Listening Exercise 272 SKILL APPLICATION 274 Activities for Communicating Supportively Suggested Assignments 274 Application Plan and Evaluation 274 274 SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA 276 Communicating Supportively 276 Scoring Key 276 Comparison Data 276 Communication Styles 276 Comparison Data 276 SKILL PRACTICE Diagnosing Problems and Fostering Understanding: United Chemical Company and Byron vs. Thomas 278 Observer’s Feedback Form

The Roman And Roman History - 1542 Words

Emperor Augustus ruled over a period that is known as the Roman Peace (Pax Romana), from his reign in 27 B.C to his death in 14 A.D. In Virgil’s character Anchises (As seen above), Augustus is portrayed to have brought to fruition a golden age in Roman history. His ability to turn Rome from the ravages of civil war into a prosperous empire was accomplished through the harnessing of his exceptional administrative powers. Emphasis placed on religious reinvigoration and social reform helped forge a Roman empire that ensured political and social stability amongst all classes. The flourishing of Rome’s art and poetry reached its peak due to this stability. Architecture was also used and developed significantly to develop a new sense of personal†¦show more content†¦The Ara Pacis (Altar of peace) consecrated in 9 BC was one such structure, which exemplified the celebration of peace and Roman civic ritual. Augustus utilized the great architectural minds of Agrippa to continue Caesar’s grand ambitions to celebrate the citizens of Rome. The emperor also urged other notables such as Marcius Philippus and Lucius Cornificius to construct buildings grandiose in nature. Though concrete was invented 2 centuries prior, under Augustus’ reign experimentation with the material enabled the construction of some of Ancient Rome’s most enduring architectural legacies. The sudden abundance of marble, coupled with Greek Hellenistic tradition gave rise to the materials adorning some of the grandest public works in the capital such as . A new mix of Graeco-Italic style of architecture graced these works as well. The impact of the size, quality and variety in Augustan buildings was evidence of the profound impact Augustus had on his people and subsequently, the buildings that adorned the empire. Architecture in the Augustan age flourished, it’s strength and pre-eminence in the ancient world were captured in Emperor Augustus’ final words- â€Å"I found a city of bricks and left it a city of Marble†. Though some view his words as an exaggeration, through this metaphor Augustus describes the empires strength and civic pride it had established through the presence of imposing structures.. It was with structures like these, that Rome was a beacon of

Deviance in Society Free Essays

The study of sociology demystifies that what is considered deviant behavior in one society may not qualify to be deviant in another. A number of other factors determine the qualification of this definition of deviance. For instance, deviant behaviors or acts may be classified as truly deviant depending on the condition in which they occur. We will write a custom essay sample on Deviance in Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Additionally, behaviors or acts can be tagged ‘deviant’ depending on the historical era. This implies that, from one historical time to another, some behaviors or acts universally known to be deviant behaviors are likely to change their status definitions to be ‘not deviant’ as what we can learn from Rosenhan (1973) and Eqbar (1998). This paper takes a critical look at the varying definitions of deviance in different circumstances presented by both Eqbar and Rosenhan. Sociological Approach to Deviance (Eqbar (1998) and Rosenhan (1973) Both Eqbar and Rosenhan share the same approach in defining deviance and agree that it is rather a complicated issue that needs to be understood. Eqbar attempts to explain deviance from the most complex issue of terrorism and carefully unfolds historical stories to at least come up with some imagery explanation. Eqbar explains that terrorism which is a serous matter in the world today which is ever changing begs more attention from world leaders to accurately mark on its causes and the remedial actions (Eqbar, 1998). On the other hand, the issue of proliferation of mental hospitals is an issue of importance to Rosenhan which deserves much attention. Similar to Eqbar, Rosenhan is caught in dilemma in identifying accurately who is sane and who is insane in psychiatric environment and ends up referring himself a ‘pseudopatient’ (Rosenhan, 1973) Eqbar’s Approach to Deviance The sociological interpretations have used history as a tool to understand how deviance can change with time. One of the most relevant is examples is presented by Eqbar (1998). Ahmad Eqbar while delivering a presentation at the University of Colorado in October 12th, 1998, identified how the West perceived Yasir Arafat and how this perception faded with time and almost disappeared. Between 1969 and1990 the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was the centerpiece for all terrorist activities and Arafat was time and again described by the Western media as the â€Å"Chief of Terrorism† particularly by the New York Times William Safire (Eqbar, 1998). Earlier in 1930s and 1940s, the same description was coined to the Jewish underground living in Palestine. However, things changed and the image was turned inside out! Eqbar (1998) noticed a unique marriage between the West and Arafat when he saw a picture of the leaders Arafat, Bill Clinton and the Israeli’s Prime Minster, Benjamin Netan seated together on the September 29th, 1998. Arafat who was frequently known as a man of the guns and an enemy to the Western people was at this moment branded a new image. This example as observed by Eqbar clearly indicates that the labeling of objects or personalities as deviant tends to change with history. Yet another shocking experience Eqbar writes about is the time when President Ronald Reagan, from the West, warmly received a group of men from the East in the White House. In his speech, President Reagan in 1985 referred the bearded men as the Afghan Mujahiddin who acted as the â€Å"moral equivalent of America’s founding fathers† (Eqbar, 1998). A rather controversial reminder is the one time peaceful relationship that existed between the al-Qaeda leader, Osama Bin Laden and Thomas Jefferson and George Washington. Bin Laden who after the September 11 attach was expected to be killed was a moral equivalent of the two leaders (Eqbar, 1998) but was demoted and got angrier to revenge in all ways. According to Eqbar (1998), deviance is seen to change with time as he draws an example of terrorism. Bin Laden, who was once the moral equivalent to Jefferson and Washington became a dangerous terrorist after his status demotion. In this perspective, Eqbar tries to explain that terrorism, which is a deviant behavior, tends to change with time such that today’s hero is tomorrow’s terrorist and today’s terrorist is tomorrow’s hero (Eqbar, 1998). Rosenhan’s Approach to Deviance Another sociological approach to deviance can be seen in the works of Rosenhan (1973). Rosenhan takes us to the sociological environment of a psychiatric hospital where he finds himself in a state of dilemma to differentiate sane people from the insane. He blames factors such as depersonalization, powerlessness, mortification, segregation as well as self-labeling in playing critical roles in counter-therapeutics. In psychiatric hospitals, it emerges to be a challenge to make distinctions between the sane and the insane. The meaning of behavior in the hospital environment can easily be construed. Rosenhan (1973) takes us through some of the conditions that totally change the true meaning of sanity in hospital environment and we can make an extrapolation to one of the sociological understanding that deviance is relative to the prevailing conditions. The conditions in hospital environment such segregation, depersonalization, self-labeling and mortification which are always crafted in larger part construe the meaning of sanity. Dealing with Deviance in the Society Important insights can be obtained from the two approaches and definitions of deviance. The two definitions, Ember’s and Rosenhan’s can be intermarried to help solve crimes such as terrorism, rape, drug abuse, felony and murder which have become a challenge in the society. There seems to be different approaches how people view both issues of terrorism and sanity. Understanding the approaches drawn by Eqbar and Rosenhan will help appreciate these differences and deal with crime in the society. Deviance changes with time as Eqbar draws it from the observation of Osama Bin Laden who was once a friend to the western and later become the worst enemy. Equally, the change of deviance is drawn by Eqbar in the case of Arafat who was once an enemy to the West but later a friend. While Rosenhan does not provide a straightforward definition on how to differentiate sanity from insanity in hospital environments, he admits that the psychiatric hospital provides a unique environment that makes the definition of sanity to surface. Rosenhan (1973) identifies the existence of hospital conditions such as depersonalization, powerlessness, mortification, segregation as well as self-labeling to play a critical role in counter-therapeutics. The issue of proliferation of mental facilities in communities is the aim of Rosenhan’s approach. Using Rosenhan’s approach will ease the pressure in these facilities as the accurate psychiatric labels will be used in admitting individuals in psychiatric community facilities (Rosenhan, 1973). Another issue that might be solved from Rosenhan’s approach is the need to increase the manner how mental health workers should be sensitive to the position of psychiatric patients in Catch 22 and increase research into psychiatry. This is because to other people, one can be tagged insane while to others ‘sane’. This is similar to what Eqbar observed in the issue of terrorism. Together, these approaches can be applied in understanding and reducing deviance in the society. References: Eqbar, A. (1998). Terrorism: theirs and ours. Retrieved August 15, 2010 from,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://therearenosunglasses.wordpress.com/2010/01/31/terrorism-theirs-and-ours/ Rosenhan, D.L (1973). On being sane in insane places. Retrieved August 15, 2010 from,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://psychrights.org/articles/rosenham.htm How to cite Deviance in Society, Papers

Legal Principles Contract Act

Question: 1. Connor urgently needed cash. So he decided to sell his car by parking it outside his house with a notice on the windscreen stating: For sale. Excellent condition-one owner. $26,000 or nearest offer. Please call here at my home number 48 or phone 100 333 only. On Monday at 9am Dolly saw the car but decided not to stop as she was late for work. She phoned from work and told Connor that she would give him $23,000 for his car. Connor said he would consider it. Eileen saw the car and called at number 48 on Monday at 11am. However, the only person there was Connors daughter, Hetti. Eileen wrote a note saying: Monday 11.05 am. Please keep the car for me. Here is my cheque for $26,000Eileen. Hetti left the note on Connors desk in his study. On Monday afternoon Connor decided to sell the car to Dolly for $23,000. He posted a letter at 2.30pm that day to Dollys business address stating: I agree to sell you my car on your terms. This letter was received by Dolly on Wednesday at 10am. At 4.30pm on Monday Connor read Eileens note. He immediately phoned Dollys business address and left a message on her recorded answering service: Ignore my letter that you will receive the deal for my car is off. Dolly was away on business and listened to the recorded message only on Wednesday evening at 8pm. At 2.15pm on Monday Fiona saw the notice on the car and hurriedly posted a letter stating that she would buy the car for the price of $26,000. She sent a cheque with the letter and posted the letter just in time for the 3.30pm postal collection. Unfortunately, as Fiona failed to address the letter correctly it arrived only on Friday. Advise: a.Connor b.Dolly c.Eileen, and d.Fiona of their legal rights and obligations in relation to the above matters. You are required to support your answer by reference to relevant legal authority. 2. Dan took his dinner suit and his wifes silk dress to the Toff Dry Cleaners, a firm his family used whenever they had dry cleaning to be done. He was handed a docket and as usual he placed it in his wallet without reading it. When Dan called to collect the clothing he was told that his dinner suit was missing and his wifes silk dress was badly stained. No explanation was given about the stained dress. However, one of the assistants recalled handing the dinner suit to a customer who had apparently lost his docket but was able to identify the dinner suit when allowed to sort through the rack of dry cleaned clothing awaiting collection by customers. Dan demanded compensation but the owner of Toff Dry Cleaners referred Dan to a clause on the docket which read: We will not be liable for any loss or damage to clothing left for cleaning. The owner also pointed to a sign at the back of the shop which had been displayed there for some time. The sign said: We take all care in the dry cleaning of our customers clothing but we regret we cannot take any responsibility for loss or damage however caused. Dan protested that he had never read the sign or the docket. 1.Advise Dan whether he is entitled to compensation from Toff Dry Cleaners. 2.Would it make any difference if Dan had noticed the clause on the docket and theassistant had said: That excludes liability for damage to buttons and zippers(2 marks) 3.ASSUME that Dan is entitled to compensation for the loss of his dinner suit and the stainedsilk dress. He now tells you that because of what has happened his wife has sufferedemotional distress because the dress was a family heirloom. He also tells you that he andhis wife had to hire, at considerable expense, a dinner suit and a dress for a formal occasionbecause of the loss and damage. Answer: 1. Issue Offer advice to some individuals i.e. Connor, Dolly, Eileen and Flora in light of the facts involved along with the applicable legal principles. Law To execute a legally valid contract, it is mandatory to have a lawful agreement in place. An agreement of such nature would involve a valid offer from the offeror and a valid acceptance from the offeree. Besides, it is required that the acceptance offered should be unconditional or else It may amount to a counter offer (Carter, 2012). Further, it is required to understand the difference between an offer and an invitation to treat. Various advertisements in order to inform the audience about the good being put to sale does not amount to an offer but amounts to only an invitation to treat. Since there is no offer communicated through the advertisement, hence acceptance on the part of the other party would not amount to the execution of a contract. This understanding is derived from the Partridge v Crittenden[1968] verdict. In this case, an advertisement was placed to communicate sale regarding certain protected birds. This advertisement formed the basis of a charge against the advertiser when he was not able to fulfil the promise. The matter went to court where it the court clarified that the advertisement amounted to an invitation to treat and hence no contract has been formed (Lindgren, 2011). Additionally, the opinion given by Lord Parker is relevant in this regard as he advocates that if advertisements were to b e regarded as offers, it would be in violation of business sense as a host of people may give acceptance due to which the obligation on the owner may well exceed the quantity of good owned by the person floating the advertisement (Pathinayake, 2014). Further, it is imperative that the acceptance must be given before the offer expiry. It is right of the offeror to withdraw offer till the time acceptance is given to the offer. In this regards, mental acceptance without communication to the offeror is incomplete and does not constitute acceptance in accordance with the Bressan v Squires [1974] case (Gibson Fraser, 2014). There are various mediums in which acceptance can be communicated to the offeror. One of these is through post and since there is a time delay in this medium, hence certain rules are pivotal with regards to postal contracts (Pendleton Vickery, 2005). The validity of postal offer is related to the time of receipt of post by the offeree. The validity of postal acceptance happens when the post is mailed with no regards to the time of the actual receipt. The above understanding is derived from the verdict of the Tallerman Co Pty Ltd v Nathan's Merchandise(1957) 98 CLR 93 case (Carter, 2012). Application To apply the above principles, the case facts need to be highlighted as shown below. Case facts There was an advertisement floated by Connor which indicated that he wanted to sell his car. This advertisement contained the consideration expected along with relevant contract details. Dolly saw the advertisement and expressed her desire to procure the car for $ 23,000. Connor did not give an acceptance but assured that he would keep the same in mind. Another customer Eileen contacted Connor at 11 am with an offer of $ 26,000 and left a note with her daughter in this regard. Connor sent an acceptance to Dolly at 2:30 pm through a postal letter. After he had sent this letter to Dolly, he got hold of the note left by Eileen and hence called to withdraw the acceptance but since Dolly was not available, his message was received by her only after couple of days. Further, Fiona was also interested in buying the car and at 2:15 pm posted a $ 26,000c cheque for Connor but due to the address being misprinted, it was received only four days later. Application of Law Based on the legal principles discussed above, it is clear that Connor through the advertisement does not communicate an offer but rather an invitation to treat whereby the aim is to invite offers and choose the best offer. The legal positions of given parties is discussed below. Dolly A valid offer was extended by $ 23,000 to the owner using correct means of communication. Acceptance to offer by Dolly was offered by Connor when he posted the letter that afternoon. In line with postal contract rules, acceptance becomes effective at the same moment when the letter indicating acceptance is sent to the offeror. Thus, in the afternoon on Monday, Connor and Dolly executed a valid contract with regards to the sale of displayed car. Later effort made by Connor to cancel the contract would not be valid until Dolly agrees for the same which is not the case here. Eileen A valid offer was made with a consideration of $ 26,000. Although Connors daughter left a note containing Eileens message, but this was read by Connor only after he had communicated acceptance to Dolly. Since the car was already sold before acceptance could be given by Connor, hence there is no enforceable contract between Eileen and Connor. Fiona An offer was made by her to buy the given car by extending $ 23,000 to the owner. This offer was communicated to Connor using postal medium. As per the information extended, Connor received this mail only on Friday. Hence, as per postal contract rules, the offer came into force on Friday but the car was sold only on Monday. Since the car was already sold before offer could be made to Connor, hence there is no enforceable contract between Eileen and Connor. On the basis of the above discussion, it may be concluded that Connor and Dolly have executed a legal contract in regards to the displayed car. To discharge the contractual obligations, Dolly should offer $ 23,000 to Connor and in turn Connor should turn the possession of his car to Dolly. In case, any of the two fails to comply with their respective obligations, then the result would be in breach of contract and legal implications for the non-compliant party. Conclusion There is valid contract for car sale between Dolly and Connor and both parties should comply with their respective obligations to avoid legal implications. The other parties merely made an offer but failed to get an acceptance from Connor. 2.Part (a)Issue Bases on the case facts, the aim is to advice on the prospects of Dan being successful in receiving compensation from Toff Dry Cleaners. Law With regards to the terms that are mentioned on the receipt, three conditions should be ascertained in order for the court to take cognizance of these. The conditions are as mentioned below. The contract terms must be notified either during the contract execution or before that as has been highlighted in the verdict of Olley v Marlborough Court Hotel[1949] case (Lindgren, 2011). Under one condition the above rule is not obeyed i.e. when the parties involved in the contract have had past dealings and on account of these the terms are implied even without stating (Carter, 2012). The document that contains the terms must be intended towards initiation of contractual relations between the party as indicated through the verdict of Chapelton v Barry Urban District Council[1940] case. The summary of the above case judgement that receipt is not a proper document for documenting the clauses of the contract and should be instead stated on a worthy document (Latimer, 2005). Reasonable measures must be undertaken by the party to bring these terms to other partys notice as evident in the verdict of the Parker v South Eastern Railway Company[1877] case. This case highlighted that the party entrusted with the task of receipt issuance is responsible for undertaking reasonable efforts to make the other party aware with the terms. However, in case even after these efforts, the other party may not go through the conditions but then the terms would be enforceable (Gibson Fraser, 2014). A case worth mentioning is the Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co [1951]. The wedding dress was given by defendants for cleaning and the a receipt was signed while the plaintiffs assistance communicated that there would not be any liability on the part of the cleaner for damage caused to beads and sequins. The assistant had miscommunicated the clause which in actuality absolved the cleaner of all liability in case of any cloth getting damage. The dress got damaged and the courts ruling was that damages be paid by defendant due to miscommunication by assistant (Lindgren, 2011). Also, tort law plays a critical role in commercial transactions as well since the negligible behaviour is not acceptable and inclusion of an exemption clause in the receipt does not indemnify the party of such behaviour. Even if the applicability of the exemption clause is confirmed by meeting all criteria, liability cannot be escaped under the guise of exemption clause in cases of negligent behaviour as reasonable care is expected (Davenport Parker, 2014). Application Dan offers clothes to the cleaner and receives the docket without reading the same, When at the scheduled date, he came for receipt of cleaned clothes, the drycleaner could not find his suit and there were heavy staining of the silk dress which belonging to his wife. Compensation was asked for by Dan but the owner of the shop indicated to exemption clause contained on the back side of the docket. The exemption clause indemnified the cleaner from any loss or damage to the clothes. Dan claimed that he was not aware of this clause and had not read it. On the basis of the discussion in the above section, it may be stated that Dan should get compensation from the owner of the shop. This is because the loss of Dans suit happened because of negligent behaviour by the staff who offered Dans suit to other client whose docket had misplaced. Adequate cross verification was not done. Further, with regards to silk dress getting stained, the exemption clause would not be applicable as reasonable efforts by the dry cleaner have not been taken to draw Dans attention to the exemption clause and despite past dealings, he was unaware about the existence of the same. Now if the Dan was aware about the exclusion clause, then also he would be successful in drawing compensation from the cleaner. Dans suit has been lost due to negligence which is evident that adequate cross verification was not done. There is a tacit duty to care on the cleaner with regards to clothes of customers and this duty has not been adhered to by the cleaner. Thus, Dan is entitled to compensation for the suit. Regarding the silk dress also, Dan is entitled for compensation as the assistant has wrongly stated the exemption clause. Thus, in accordance with the Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co case, Dan can claim compensation in this case also. In accordance with the legal principles driving tort law, the drycleaner has a duty to care towards the clothes handed over by the customers. It is evident based on the given facts the negligence on account of the drycleaner is the main reason for the damage caused to the dress. Further, due to the negligent behaviour by the drycleaner, inconvenience caused to the customers will have to be borne by the negligent party only. This in in line with the basic principle that damage could have been prevented had the party not breached duty to care. Thus, if the drycleaner was not negligent in its conduct, this damage caused to Dan and his wife would not have taken place (Davenport Parker, 2014). Hence, expenses involved in dress hiring can be claimed and the drycleaner would need to compensate Dan for this damage caused. References Carter, J. (2012), Contract Act in Australia, Sydney: LexisNexis Publications, Davenport, S. and Parker, D. (2014), Business and Law in Australia, Sydney: LexisNexis Publications Gibson, A. and Fraser, D. (2014), Business Law, Sydney: Pearson Publications Latimer, P. (2005), Australian business law, Sydney: CCH Australia Ltd. Lindgren, K.E. (2011), Vermeesch and Lindgren's Business Law of Australia, Sydney: LexisNexis Publications Pendleton, W. and Vickery, N. (2005). Australian business law: principles and applications, Sydney: Pearson Publications Pathinayake, A. (2014), Commercial and Corporations Law, Sydney: Thomson-Reuters, Case Laws Bressan v Squires [1974] 2 NSWLR 460 Chapelton v Barry Urban District Council[1940] 1 KB Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co [1951] 1 KB 805. Olley v Marlborough Court Hotel[1949] 1 KB 532 Parker v South Eastern Railway Company[1877] 2 CPD 416 Partridge v Crittenden[1968] 1 WLR 1204 Tallerman Co Pty Ltd v Nathan's Merchandise(1957) 98 CLR 93

Lab Report Microscope Sample

Lab Report Microscope Paper The compound microscope can provide a magnification up to kick It is better edited to view smaller objects such as animal tissue and thin pieces of plants. The stereo microscope on the other hand is able to view much larger objects such as rocks, insects, and flowers. However, the stereo microscope has a much lower magnification range of only. 2. If the ocular of your microscope is lox and your objective that you are viewing your specimen under is lox, what is the total magnification? To find the total magnification, you will multiply the ocular of your microscope by your objective. This results in the total magnification being kick 3. How does the light change on the compound microscope? Light on the compound changes from adjusting the iris diaphragm 4. What is the magnification of the ocular? The magnification of the ocular is lox. 5. Which type of microscope could you view a Frog? A stereo microscope would allow a person to view a frog. 6. What is the circular area that you see when you look under the microscope? The circular area you see when you look under the microscope is called the field of view. . What happens to the field of view as you go from low to high power on a compound microscope? When you go from low to high power on the compound microscope the field of view decreases. 8. What happened to the light as you go from low to high power on the The amount of light decreases as you go from low to high power on the compound microscope. 9. What power do you always begin on when you start looking at something on the microscope? Always begin with low power when you start looking at something under the microscope. 10. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Microscope specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Microscope specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Microscope specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When you get done using the microscope, what power do you always put the microscope Always put the microscope back to low power after you are done using the microscope. Procedures: 1. Turn the lights on 2. Rheostat to 10 3. Place slide letter e on stage 4. Secure it 5. Switch to xx view 6. Center specimen 7. Switch views 8. Adjust oculars to 70 9. Adjust course focus to until slide is in view 10. Adjust iris diaphragm 11. Adjust fine focus 12. Center image 13. View under xx 14. Screen shot 15. Switch view to xx 16. Screen shot 17. Switch to xx 18. Adjust iris diaphragm 19. Adjust fine focus 20. Screen shot 21. Switch to xx 22. Adjust diaphragm 23. Screen shot 24. Switch view 25. Return to low power 26. Select onion root tip slide 27. Center slide 28. Scroll to top position 29. Switch view 30. View in xx 31. Adjust iris diaphragm 32. Adjust fine focus 33. Screen shot 4 view in xx 35. Adjust diaphragm 36. Adjust fine focus 37. Screen shot 38. Switch view 39. Adjust iris diaphragm 40. S creen shot 41. Switch to xx 42. Adjust diaphragm 43. Screen shot 44. Return to low power 45. Select bacterial capsule slide 46. Center slide 47. Eve stage to top position 48. Switch view 49. Adjust course focus 50. Adjust iris diaphragm 51. Adjust fine focus 52. Screen shot 53. Switch view to xx 54. Screen shot switch to xx 55. Adjust iris diaphragm 56. Screen shot 57. Switch to xx 58. Adjust fine focus 59. Screen shot 60. Return to low power 61. Select cheek smear slide 62. Enter slide 63. Move stage to top position 64. Switch view 65. Adjust course focus 66. Adjust iris diaphragm 67. Adjust fine focus 68. Screen shot 69. Switch to xx 70. Screen shot 71. Switch to xx 72. Adjust iris diaphragm 73. Adjust fine focus 74. Screen shot 75. Switch to xx 76. Adjust iris diaphragm 77. Screen shot 78. Switch to low power Rest Its: THE LETTER e SLIDE xx view 1 Ox view xx view 1 ox view ONION ROOT TIP SLIDE 1 OX view BACTERIAL CAPSULE SLIDE xx view 1 view CHEEK SMEAR SLIDE 1 xx view Conclusion : The microscope lab was enjoyable for me. Even though it was an online emulation of a microscope, I found it to follow the same format and steps you would use with a real life microscope. Ive had experience in the past on using a microscope, but it has been a while. This lab has really been a refresher on how to properly use a microscope I learned the correct steps to take when viewing a slide, such as beginning and ending in low power. The lab has also taught me the advantages and disadvantages of using a compound microscope vs A stereo microscope Lastly, the microscope lab has shown me that if you follow the correct order and sequence of steps, viewing slides is easy, fun, and exciting. The Microscope Lab Review Questions 1 . What is the difference between a compound and stereo microscope? The compound microscope can provide a magnification up to XX. It is better 2. Explain to me in detail how to focus something under the microscope and increase in magnification. In order to bring a slide into focus, you must use the course adjustment knob, then switch to the fine adjustment knob to bring out a clearer image. To increase magnification, for example, you would switch from xx (xx) to 10 (xx) and so on, while continuing to tweak the focus. 3. Which part of the microscope permits you to have exact focusing? The course adjustment knob generally lets you bring the image into focus. However, the fine adjustment knobs permits you to have exact focusing. . How do you change the light while looking under the microscope? To change the light while looking under the microscope, you must use the iris diaphragm 5. What is the correct way to hold a microscope? The correct way to hold and carry a microscope is the place one hand under the base of the microscope and one hand on the arm. 6. Which part of the microscope contains lenses of different m agnifications? The revolving nose piece contains lenses of different magnifications on the . What happens to the field of view as you go from low to high power? When you go from low to high power on the compound microscope the field of view decreases. 8. What happens to the light as you go from low to high power? The amount of light decreases as you go from low to high power on the compound microscope. 9. What power do you always begin on when you start looking at something under the microscope? You always begin on low power when you start looking at something under the microscope. 10. When you get done using the microscope, what power do you always put the microscope back on? You always put the microscope on low power when you are done using it. 11. If the objective lens was on XX, what would be the total magnification? The total magnification would be KICK. 12. Which part of the microscope supports the slides and which part holds the slides steady? The stage supports the slides and the stage clips hold the slides steady. 13. Which part of the microscope is the part that you look through and is closest to your eyes? The ocular lens is the part of the microscope that you look through and is closest to your eyes. 14. Which part of the microscope supports the body tube and the adjustment knobs? The arm supports the body tube and the adjustment knobs on a 15. Which part of the microscope supports the weight of the microscope? The base supports the weight of the microscope. 16. Which microscope part allows you to regulate how much light is going through your specimen? The iris diaphragm controls the amount of light going through your specimen. 17. Which part of the microscope allows you to move the objectives of the microscope to low, medium, high power. The objective lens allow you to movie the objectives of the microscope to low, medium, and high power. 18. Which part of the microscope changes the distance between the slide and he objective to focus an image? The course focus knob will allow you to move the stage, which is the distance between the slide and the objective to focus an mage. 19. What is magnification? The act or process of enlarging the view an image of something is magnification. 20. At which total magnification do you view the largest field of view area on your slide? Xx is the total magnification you can view the largest field of view area on your slide. 21. At which total magnification do you view the smallest field of view area on your slide? Xx is the total magnification you can view the smallest field of view area on your slide. 22. How do you calculate total magnification? Magnification is the the ocular lens multiplied by the objective lens. 23. What is the magnification of the ocular? The magnification of the ocular lens in 10. 24. Which type of microscope could you view a live specimen such as a branch from a tree? A Stereo microscope would allow you to view a live specimen such as a branch from a tree. 25. Label this diagram below: Put your answers of the diagram above in the boxes below. 1. Body tube 8. Light 2. Revolving incipience 9. Curia lens 3. 1 ox 10. Arm 4. Xx 1 1 . Stage 5. 12. Course adjustment knob 6. Stage clips

Family Planning Research Paper Essays

Family Planning Research Paper Essays Family Planning Research Paper Essay Family Planning Research Paper Essay Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges Naga Campus FAMILY PLANNING PRACTICES OF COUPLES In Barangay Sto. Tomas, Camaligan Camarines Sur In partial fulfillment of the requirement in SOC. SCI 10, Society of Culture with Family Planning, HIV/AIDS Submitted by: Mayores, Dennis B. Olarve, Raymund Salveo L. Pacamarra, Hazel E. BSEd 3 – Physics Submitted to: Dr. Geronima Camano-Valenciano Professor October 4, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Table of Contents CHAPTER I: Introduction CHAPTER II: Research Methodology CHAPTER III: Presentation of Findings, Analysis and Discussion CHAPTER IV: Summary of Conclusion and Recommendation BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES Appendix A: Sample Questionnaire Appendix B: Letter of Permission to conduct survey Appendix C: List of Respondents Appendix D: Barangay Official of Sto. Tomas Appendix E: Documentation Appendix F: Curriculum Vitae CHAPTER III Presentation of Findings, Analysis and Discussion This chapter presents the overview of the results that was gathered from 40 respondents of Husband and Wife of their Family Planning Practices in Barangay Sto. Tomas, Camaligan Camarines Sur. Table 1: Educational Attainment of Respondents The table presents the Highest Educational attainment of Couples. 22. 5% said they reached Elementary level only, 40% said they reached High School, 35% said they reached the College Level and 2. 5% said they reached Vocational Course. Table 2: Married and Unmarried Couple The table presents the ratio of married and unmarried couple when they start living together. 36 respondents out of 40 said that they are married or 18 couples said they are married already while 4 respondents out of 40 or 2 couples are not married yet since they started living together. Table 3: Family Planning of Couples : The table presents the data gathered from three questions that answer if the Couple planned the no. of children to have, if the Couple talk about methods of Family Planning and if they consulted the Health Center for information about Family Planning. The result state that 40 respondents or 100% planned the no. of children they are going to have. The Couple that talked about Family Planning and consulted the Health Center is 75% while 25% answered no. Table 4: Use of Methods or Contraceptives between Couples The table presents the Methods or Contraceptives used of Couples. 17. % used Female Sterilization to stop bearing a child for mother, 2. 5% used Male Sterilization to stop giving birth to a child for Father, 12. 5% used Injection to avoid having a baby for few months, 12. 5% use male condom that is use before sexual intercourse, 2. 5% used the method of Rhythm Calendar that calculate what day in a month does a female is impossible to be pregnant, 2. 5% used traditional method tha t use herbal medicine, 5% used the Natural method and 32. 5% don’t or never used a method or contraceptive for Family Planning. Table 5: Medium that gives information for Family Planning The table shows the medium where couples see, hear, or read something that gives information about Family Planning. 33 respondents said they heard some from Radio, 38 respondents said they watched some from television, 18 respondents said they read it from newspapers, 9 respondents said they read it from Magazine, 7 respondents said they read some from Posters, and 6 respondents said they saw some from billboards. Table 6: Services or Information given from different Mediums. The table shows the information or services given by different medium (radio, television, newspaper, magazine, poster, and billboard). 6 respondents said the information was about Family Planning, 20 respondents said it was about the use of contraceptives or methods while 11 respondents said it was about vaccination. Table 7: Family Planning Effect The Table shows if Population growth can be controlled by the use of Family Planning between Couples and if abortion is a typr of Family Planning Method. 40 responden ts or 100% said that Family Planning can really help the control of Population growth and also 40 respondents or 100% said that abortion is not part of Family Planning Method. CHAPTER IV Summary of Conclusion and Recommendation CONCLUSION 1. Most of the couples finished college level before they started living as a couple but there are also couple that only reached the elementary level and decided to live with their partners. Studying is irrelevant for their parents don’t encourage them to pursue studies because of financial problem. That’s why they don’t know how can they took care of their children and how to plan a family because of lack of knowledge. In addition, they don’t have a high salary and can’t find a proper job. 2. Most of the couples started living together as married because they want it to be sure that they would be living together legally while only some are unmarried because they are quite young for their age. That explains how marriage is given importance before, but now, even if the girls got pregnant they are not still planning of getting married. 3. Couples normally planned on how many children are they going to have but this is usually not followed because of sexual desire of a person. Because not all are willing for family planning to be involved in their living as a couple. 4. Family Planning on later years was not yet organized that’s why old couples now are not aware and don’t even care to use methods or contraceptives regarding Family Planning. But some of them are willing to use these methods to control the population growth. 5. Information about family planning is not only given in the health center, because now there are many medium that shows the importance of family planning. It also leads to the discouragement of couples to consult to the health center because they can already find information they need in the radio, TV, newspapers, magazine, posters and even billboards. . Advertisements seen on TV or heard on radio and any other medium were more about Family Planning. Only few were about the use of contraceptives and Vaccination. It is because the Nation’s problem is population growth and advertisements can really help the citizen to get knowledge about proper family planning. 7. They all agreed that family planning is the be st way to success of each family. Because they can give their needs and wants of their children. But abortion is not an example of Family Planning because it is against the law of God. RECOMMENDATION Every person cannot control their sexual desire for their partners that’s why Family Planning method and use of contraceptives are imposed. But another reason for this is the lack of knowledge of the people or illiteracy. The government needs to put more focus on the education of citizens so that they would be taught of proper managing their lives as well as when to have a family and how to plan it. The government can give free seminar to those newly married couples and give information about the importance of Family Planning. Another thing to give prioritize are the citizens that live on rural areas where more uneducated and unemployed people are present. Because of this population explosion exists, that’s why more project about Family Planning for this place must be necessary. People are also conservative on the use of these methods and contraceptives, that’s why proper advertisements and information seen on TV or on any other medium must be made clear and simple so people won’t get the wrong interpretation about these things. Family Planning must be given emphasized and importance especially to couples for them to have the appropriate knowledge and how to use the methods involved in this and how to plan the number of children they can have. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Books Omas-as, Roberta L. , et. al. , General Sociology:Family Planning Methods:Trinitas Publishing Inc. 2003. The New Websters International Encyclopedia. 2000 Srauss, James J. , The Media And Family Planning. Worth Publishers. Inc B. Unpublished Thesis Ross, Maricor G. , et. al. , â€Å"Socio Economic Profile of barangay San Felipe†. Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Naga City. October 2009. C. Internet aresearchguide. com/12biblio. html#4 jhuccp. org/research/download/tagalog. pdf D. Other Source LGU, Sto. Tomas, Barangay Sto. Tomas, Camaligan Camarines Sur Appendix A Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges Naga Campus Pangalan: ________________________________ Edad:______ father mother Trabaho:_________________________________ Bilang ng anak:________ Lugar: Barangay Sto. Tomas, Camaligan, Camarines Sur QUESTIONNAIRE about FAMILY PLANNING PRACTICES OF COUPLES Personal Data . Ano ang pinakamataas na antas sa pag-aaral ang naabot ninyo? ____________________________ 2. Ano po ang relihiyon ninyo? ____________________________ 3. Ilan po ba ang buwanang kinikita niyo para sa inyong pamilya? ____________________________ 4. Kayo po ba ay kasal na nang kayo ay magkaanak? ( )Oo( )Hindi 5. Kung Oo ilang taon na kayong kasal noon? ____________________________ 6. Ilang taon napo ba kayong nagsasama ngayon? __________________ __________ Awareness of Family Planning 1. Napagplanuhan po ba ninyo kung ilan ang magiging anak niyo? ( )Oo ( )Hindi 2. Napag-usapan ba ninyo ng inyong asawa ang tungkol sa mga pamamaraan at pagsasagawa ng pagpaplano ng pamilya? ( )Oo ( )Hindi 3. Kumunsulta na po ba kayo sa isang Health Center upang magkaroon ng impormasyon sa Family Planning? ( )Oo ( )Hindi 4. Gumamit po ba kayo ng mga method o contraceptives upang maiwasan ang pagkakaroon ng anak? ( )FEMALE STERILIZATION/TUBAL LIGATION: Ang mga babae ay maaaring mag-paopera/ magpatali para hindi na manganak ( )MALE STERILIZATION/VASECTOMY: ANG MGA LALAKI AY MAAARING MAG-PAOPERA PARA HINDI NA MAKAPAG-BIGAY NG ANAK ( )INJECTION/DMPA: ANG MGA BABAE AY MAAARING INIKSYONAN NG ISANG DOKTOR O NARS PARA HINDI MABUNTIS SA LOOB NG ILANG BUWAN ( )ORAL PILL: ANG MGA BABAE AY MAAARING UMINOM NG PILL ARAW-ARAW ( )MALE CONDOM: ANG MGA LALAKI AY MAAARING GUMAMIT NG KONDOM SA PAGTATALIK ( )FULL BREASTFEEDING OR LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA (LAM) MAKAKAIWAS ANG MGA BABAE SA PAGBUBUNTIS HABANG NAGPAPASUSO NANG LUBOS ( )RHYTHM CALENDAR OR CALCULATION: SA PAMAMAGITAN NG KALKULASYON, RHYTHM, O CALENDARYO, ANG MAG-ASAWA AY IIWAS SA PAGTATALIK NG MGA ILANG ARAW SA ISANG BUWAN KUNG KAILAN ANG BABAE AY MAY MAS MALAKING POSIBILIDAD NA MABUNTIS ( )WITHDRAWAL: PAG-IINGAT NG LALAKI NA SA LABAS PALABASIN ANG PUNLAY ( )FEMALE CONDOM: ANG MGA BABAE AY MAAARING MAGLAGAY NG KONDOM SA LOOB BAGO MAKIPAGTALIK ( )DIAPHRAGM, FOAM, JELLY: ANG MGA BABAE AY MAAARING MAGLAGAY NG SPONGE, DIAPHRAGM, JELLY O CREAM SA LOOB BAGO MAKIPAGTALIK ( )TRADITIONAL METHODS: PAGGAMIT NG MGA HALAMANG GAMOT, SINTURON SA BAYWANG, ATBP. PARAAN ( )NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING ( )HINDI GUMAGAMIT 5. Nakakita/nakarinig/ nakabasa ba kayo ng patalastas/commercial o iba pang uri ng pagbibigay-alam tungkol sa FAMILY PLANNING sa ( )Radyo( )TV( )Dyaryo( )Magasin( )Poster( )Billboard 6. Kapag nakikita o naririnig mo ito, ano sa palagay ninyo ang klase ng serbisyong pangkalusugan o â€Å"health services† ang tinutukoy dito? ( ) Family Planning( )Contraceptive Method( )Vaccination 7. Naniniwala po ba kayo na ang kaalaman sa Family Planning ay makatutulong sa pagkontrol ng populasyon? ( )Oo ( )Hindi 8. Sa tingin niyo po ba, ang abortion ay isang Family Planning Method? ( )Oo ( )Hindi 9. Sa pangkaraniwan, kayo po ba ay sumasang-ayon o hindi sumasang-ayon sa paggamit/paggawa ng pamamaraan ng pagpaplano ng pamilya upang maiwasan ang pagbubuntis? ( )Oo ( )Hindi Appendix B September 28, 2010 Hon. JASMIN TRINIDAD Barangay Captain Sto. Tomas, Camaligan, Camarines Sur Dear Brgy. Captain Trinidad, Good Day! The undersigned students taking Bachelor of Science and Education are conducting a research on the â€Å"Family Planning Practices of Couples. † We selected your barangay as the best source of information about the matter. In this regard, may we ask permission to conduct interview to respondents of this Barangay that would greatly help us for our research. Thank you and more power. Very truly yours, The Third Year Students DENNIS B. MAYORES RAYMUND SALVEO L. OLARVEHAZEL E. PACAMARRA Noted: DR. GERONIMA CAMANO-VALENCIANO CSPC-Naga Campus, Professor Appendix C List of Respondents/ Couples Father Mother Antonino GonzalesMyrna Gonzales Arthur EspirituLorena Espiritu Benjamin GarciaAmalia Garcia Randy AyenMaricris Gonzales Rufino Sta. AnaErmina Sta. Ana Rufino Sta. Ana Sr. Asuncion Sta. Ana Noel AdversarioRose Adversario Rolando AliparMa. Gemma Alipar Romi CorpusMaria Flor Corpus Monico AlipanteRosa Alipante Rogelio RubioElizabeth Rubio Edgar RosarioCristina Rosario Joel AlbanielEvelyn Albaniel Emmanuel Del RosarioImelda Del Rosario Raul IsidroRuth Isidro Ronnie ReyesLinda Reyes Vicente ArroyoGermina Arroyo Conrado TrinidadLeticia Trinidad Domingo VillanuevaVictoria Villanueva Andres CelesteNelia Celeste Appendix D Barangay Officials of Sto. Tomas Barangay Captain Hon. Ma. Jasmin M. Trinidad Barangay Councilors Emnanuel A. Galias Ducenia A. Tolosa Maximo C. Corpus Jr. Manuel Javier H. Aurellano Nilo A. Almen Emmanel R. Abias Jovenial J. Flores SK Chairman Ma. Salone SC. Rubio Appendix E DOCUMENTATION THE RESEARCHERS, RESPONDENTS AND THE BARANGAY Appendix F Curriculum Vitae DENNIS B. MAYORES #25 Zone3, Brgy. Del Pilar, San Fernando Camarines Sur Mobile no: 09077436598 Email Address: [emailprotected] com PERSONAL INFORMATION Age: 18Date of Birth: March 5, 1992 Sex: MalePlace of Birth: San Fernando Civil Status: SingleFather’s Name: Melecio F. Mayores Nationality: FilipinoMother’s Name: Leonida B. Mayores EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND College:Bachelor of Secondary Education Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges Penafrancia Ave. , Naga City 2008 – Present Highschool:San Fernando National High School Buenavista, San Fernando Camarines Sur 2004 – 2008 ElementarySan Fernando Central School Rizal, San Fernando Camarines Sur 1998 2004 RAYMUND SALVEO L. OLARVE 506 1ST st. Progress Homes Subd. Canaman Camarines Sur Mobile no: 09109696222 Email Address: [emailprotected] com PERSONAL INFORMATION Age: 17Date of Birth: June 2, 1993 Sex: MalePlace of Birth: Canaman Civil Status: SingleFather’s Name: Salveo S. Olarve Nationality: FilipinoMother’s Name: Nanette L. Olarve EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND College:Bachelor of Secondary Education Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges Penafrancia Ave. , Naga City 2008 – Present Highschool:Camarines Sur National High School Penafrancia Ave. , Naga City 2004 – 2008 ElementaryTacolod Elementary School Annex Progress Homes Subd. , Canaman Camarines Sur 1998 2004 HAZEL E. PACAMARRA #015 San Jose, Camaligan Camarines Sur Mobile no: 09165235145 Email Address: [emailprotected] com PERSONAL INFORMATION Age: 18Date of Birth: May 30, 1992 Sex: FemalePlace of Birth: Goa, Camarines Sur Civil Status: SingleFather’s Name: Rannel V. Pacamarra Nationality: FilipinoMother’s Name: Mariam E. Pacamarra EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND College:Bachelor of Secondary Education Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges Penafrancia Ave. , Naga City 2008 – Present Highschool:Sto. Tomas National High School Camaligan Camarines Sur 2004 – 2008 ElementaryCamaligan Central School Camaligan Camarines Sur 1998 2004

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Nursing research - Essay Example In addition, the span that mothers breastfeed their children were not consistence with the proposed mandatory six-month period with research indicating that some mothers even stopped breastfeeding after only eight weeks (Heaman, 2006). It is important to solve the problem of inappropriate breastfeeding tendencies due to the important role played by breastfeeding milk. Gartner (2005) noted, â€Å"Exclusive breastfeeding is sufficient to support optimal growth and development for approximately the first six months of life† (as cited in Crenshaw, 2005, p.15). In contrast, supplements that mothers used do not provide sufficient support for an infant’s growth. A breastfeeding education program that will include a protocol to follow while breastfeeding, a resource guide, and presentations that were educational in nature is the essential program to use in order to improve on these breastfeeding tendencies. In line with this, the objective of this program is to influence the knowledge, comfort levels, and change the attitudes of nurses towards breastfeeding in order to ensure that postpartum mothers engaged in exclusive breastfeeding. As previously mentioned, nurses play a significant role in the antenatal care with their impact directing the approaches that mothers take to bring-up their children. Hence, inappropriate breastfeeding tendencies originate from the nurses who were responsible for the mother and the infant child after birth. Hence, this education program will change the nurses’ attitudes and help the nurses to realize the importance of helping mothers engage in appropriate breastfeeding tendencies. Through providing a resource guide and presentations that were educational in nature, the resources will provide nurses with the ideal skills and knowledge for the approaches to use to influence appropriate breastfeeding tendencies in mothers. The solution will involve enacting an educational program that included all medical facilities that

Journel 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Compare and Contrast between Vertigo and Forrest Gump Essay

Compare and Contrast between Vertigo and Forrest Gump - Essay Example Scottie tails her when she visits the art gallery to view Carlotta’s portrait, later she purchases florets similar to those in the Carlotta's portrait, before visiting a hotel which was Carlotta’s former room and her graveyard. Afterwards, he saves her from imminent death and he begins efforts to free her from her obsession. However, he loses her. Later, when he meets a girl on the streets with an eerie semblance to Madeleine, his personal obsession starts, and he attempts to remake her to Madeleine. Many movements are found in this movie. One movement widely used in vertigo is zoom and dolly. A dolly shot involves capturing the images with cameras attached to a mobile platform (dolly) (Boogs 45). The platform could be fitted with wheels or it could be a track to enable the actions to be recorded several times if need be. It is widely applied in the movie to follow different scenes especially where two individuals are walking as they talk. This shot may engross followin g a particular exploit such as two people walking while engaged in a conversation. In the zoom movement, the focal length lens is varied resulting in the scene being close or far. However, this makes the films appear unnatural. The movie vertigo effectively combines these two techniques to Alfred Hitchcock made effectual utilization of an amalgamation of a zoom and a "dolly" in the movie Vertigo to display Scottie’s acrophobia. For instance, when Scottie ascents to the tall bell turret and gazes down, the quick pulling back of the camera and the simultaneous zooming of the focal lens from wide angle to telephoto illustrates this phenomenon (Locke). The outcome of this movement is that objects that were close continue the unchanged size while the near objects seemed to stay the same size but the foot of the turret in the distance appeared rushed up to the viewers, thereby effectively creating a perturbing sense of dizziness and lightheadedness. Vertigo is a quite constrained m ovie that greatly applies the 180-degree rule. It is largely acted in the third person and employs continuity editing although there are few first person acts. It appears that the third person acts were mostly abridged from many short-range and long-range camera shots and movements resulting in a fine flow. The first person acts have different camera movements and abridging techniques including numerous fast camera movements, long and crane shots, and cutout, montage editing. Some specific camera movements that are clearly demonstrated are the fluid, zoom-in recording and the 360-degree pan. The former is brought out at the restaurant when Scottie begins to follow Madeleine while the latter is shown when Scottie meets Judy and remakes her to Madeleine. In swish or whip pan, the camera movement is so quick that the pictures are blurred. This is used to produce a vertiginous effect of weightlessness (Boggs, 54). Forest Gump is a story of a simpleton’s epic journey all the way t hrough existence in the later half of the 20th century. While on the way, he stumbles upon real-life historical figures and participates in actual historical events. Forrest is the embodiment of traditional values such as worshipping God, honoring the parents and doing he is told, and never questions authority. He succeeds in life by embracing the values of mainstream society. The movie Forrest Gump is very discontinuous and

Apply Bourdieus Work On Fields

Apply Bourdieus Work On Fields Cultural artefact has recently become the main study within the sociology department, due to the research sociological interest in fashion is increasing. Cultural artefact is the influence that is produced through our unawareness responses and attitudes toward the society. Hence fashion is important resource that illustrates the reflection of the current society or the era, at the same time individuals form and create their personal aspects of unique identity. Through this context, Crane (2000) who studied the social role in fashion states the fascination of the subject where one interprets their purpose about specific form of culture through clothing. In fact, appropriate appearance was the common powerful example of manifestation at point of time. Furthermore, style of clothing or fashion is the indication of the social status and gender, which strongly influences either maintaining or breaking down the symbolic boundaries. 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Hence important concept introduced by Bourdieu is that of capital, which he encompasses beyond the notion of material assets to capital that may be social, cultural or symbolic (Bourdieu 1986: cited in Navarro 2006: 16). The period from material to cultural and the symbolic forms of capital is the majority, which conceal the foundation of inequality. Furthermore, Bourdieu states that there are three crucial mechanisms in the forms of capital in class reproduction. Thus economic capital, the foundation of the structural class and based on thi s creation and standing in the invariable condition, will provide the cultural capital and social capital to convert into economic capital. Cultural capital and the means by which it is created or transferred from other forms of capital plays a central role in societal power relations, as this provides the means for a non-economic form of domination and hierarchy, as classes distinguish themselves through taste (Gaventa 2003: 6). The most important contribution and emphasis in Bourdieus capital awareness is an ability to distinguish the capital which could not be captured with only economic capital in the reproducing mechanism of social class. These forms of capital are equally significant, and can be accumulated and transferred from one arena to another (Navarro 2006: 17). Bourdieu stresses the common feature of the cultural and social capital, which is used without distinguishing them. Due to the following reasons, two types of capitals are applied strongly as the mechanism of the production, where the social justice was approved. First of all, to be able to possess these two capitals requires long-term investment; therefore people who are attempting to raise their class may experience difficulty in overcoming these obstacles. Secondly, unlike economic capital, it is difficult to qualify and for the social members to recognise the role of their capital visualisation within the social production. Therefore, the possessions of the cultural / social capital are related to the ability of generating the diversion in the social status and cultural preferences in the large community, which by all means fashion. Fashion itself states ones social class, which strongly relates to Bourdieus idea of social capitalism. fashion is treated as a cultural subject, in which most emphasis is on fashion as a badge or a means of identity. (P. Braham, 1997, p.121) However, relationship between class and fashion can be divided in two opinions, agreeing to emphasis correspondence view to disagreeing, in terms of preferences in clothing and fashion is symbolically expressed to differentiate the status of class. In addition, looking through Bourdieus concept of capital, there are two theories, which apply with the correspondence of emphasising the association between class and fashion. One focused on the relation with economic capital and fashion, the other being the cultural capital and fashion. Furthermore, the opposing views signify the connection between different characteristics other than class to fashion. Within the significance of focusing the relationship between fashion and economic capital to class and fashion, there is a common concept by Simmel known as the Trickle Down theory, which illustrates the clothing act and fashion. Simmel perceived fashion as the product, which the economic capital is the foundation of structural class. He also at the time identified the Paris fashion as the dynamic interclass mimicry and desire of many kinds. Since the lower class continuously mimic the upper class, the upper classes are in need to search for the new mode to differ from others. Thus, according to Simmel (1997), fashion can be seen faddish, however, the flow of the communication from top to bottom is considered to be persistent. Moreover, after the WWI, the aesthetics of functional ready-to-wear products were introduced; hence the opposing of the top to bottom flow became the movement of Western fashion history. Veblens conspicuous consumption model is in attention with the itemised consumption within the fashion, which is idealised with the revelation of individuals economical capital. His work on The theory of the leisure class (1899-1983) introduces the first response of conspicuous consumption as the development of criticising an idea for the Americas capital concept in profligacy. Veblens states the ones reputation is represented by the ownership and conspicuousness, which provokes jealousy and symbolises the level of wealth within the group. Furthermore, the typical variation are established in upper-class, for example, ones idleness of spending inconvenient production of time, sophisticated preferences, manners, lifestyle, and so on. All of the above examples are the necessity of time and expenses shown through the economic capital to symbolise ones ability and status. Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods is a means of reputability to the gentlemen of leisure. (Veblen, 1899/1983) Veblen argues different view on accepting the class of trend to Simmel. Thus, opposing to accepting new style in order to expose the indication of the discrimination between the lower-class to the community who aims to raise their social standing, the group of society in foundation to inherit the stabilised high status has relatively low tendency of interest in the latest fashion. These analyses has provided with the evidence of peoples motivation on accepting fashion. This leads to Bourdieus primary idea of Habitus; the text La Distinction demonstrates the manifestation of habitus. Habitus is considered as one of Bourdieus most influential concept in his studies. The concept refers to our physical action such as, habits, characteristics, and abilities that we acquire throughout our life experiences which the idea is based on the cultural capital. In addition, it can also be seen as the structure, which is produced by through our thoughts and movement. This in turn, creates our exter nal social world and structured by the social world. Therefore, habitus can be seen as the collective individuated, through the biological individual. Furthermore, habitus can be similar within groups of people; hence seen as a collective phenomenon. Habitus in fashion can be considered as style, it is depended on ones characteristic, the era of the society, and ones social status. This again is emphasised in forms of capital where, without money these types of forms will not exist. To explain the idea of habitus Bourdieu frequently uses the metaphor from the sports feel for the game. Meaning although our body and mind are constantly reminded of our surrounding, without having to consciously acknowledging it, each individuals has an embodied kind of feeling of the social positions of themselves. Habitus can also be counted as taste for the cultural items such as fashion, art, food and lifestyle. Adapting this into fashion is reasonably obvious, by observing peoples taste in fashion; others are able to identify the mode at the time and also their characteristic, as nowadays individuals use fashion products to reveal their selves. Accordingly, Bourdieu focuses on French society, where all the above cultural items are considered as social class positions. He strongly argues that the artistic sensibilities are surrounded by habitus. For example, the upper-class individuals are able to enjoy the rich culture without any limit compared to others, as they are exposed t o the culture since the young age and this becomes their lifestyle unconsciously. Whereas the working-class are too busy and have limited access to the high art, therefore, they are unaware of such lifestyle. Hence, Bourdieus saying feel for the game cannot be applied to the working-class, as they are not culturally developed and is unaware of the game. This same rule also applies in fashion, only the upper-classes are flooded with pre-shows and various kinds of information about trends. After filtering through the designer wears / brands, it trickles down to the street fashion, which then the working-class have chance to view and follow on with less price. However, the unconscious minds of the working-class have strong need to follow the fashion and tends to over spend on things they do not need, they will never be able to feel and experience same way as the upper-class, therefore their demands are higher and cannot see the bigger picture. These kinds of inequality are mistakenly b elieved that some are born with finer things in their life compare to others; therefore this is where the middle-class appears. Middle-class society; the new money are introduced to guide the working-class to the better life. Nonetheless, although the middle-class may be wealthier than the working-class, their demands in consuming goods are higher than the upper-class. Before the middle-class was created, the high demands of the working-class was not much, as they were busy with their life and had limitation with their spending from the income. However, when the new money society arrived, they were stuck in between, they hope for the high culture social position, as well as having to work hard to stabilise their lifestyle. Therefore, they are However according to Navarro Habitus is not fixed or permanent, and can be changed under unexpected situations or over a long historical period (Navarro, 2006, p.16) A third concept that is important in Bourdieus theory is the idea of fields, which are the various social and institutional arenas in which people express and reproduce their dispositions, and where they compete for the distribution of different kinds of capital (Gaventa 2003: 6). A field is a network, structure or set of relationships which may be intellectual, religious, educational, cultural, etc. (Navarro 2006: 18). People often experience power differently depending which field they are in at a given moment (Gaventa 2003: 6), so context and environment are key influences on habitus: While Bourdieu is concerned to pay attention to both struc-ture and practice, his field theory errs too much in the direction of a struc-turalist analysis that neglects to fully document the ways in which fields are reproduced through the enactments of agents in daily practice and localized set-tings (Crossley, 2004). The world we live in is divided up by various kinds of fields. A field is considered as an organised production of characteristic of the social status, which influences the social situation for the society. However, this so-called arrangement and the association with objective status are fixed in forms of capital. Nonetheless the significance of the form of capital lies within the field. In other words capital is applied to ensure the position of the agent clear in its field. Hence in the society, the predominant in terms of field is considered as the social status. The social statuses are depended on money, which also plays a major part in the form of capital. The source is able to gain its power and influence by using the capital in certain fields. Therefore, the relation between habitus, fields and capital are the transitional source. Bourdieu believe that the social world is divided into various fields within every event and subjects, and within those small communities they hold their own set of rules, understanding and forms of capital. Despite the fact that some types of fields may have something in common, Bourdieu distinguishes each type of field as being independent from others. For example, fashion has countless fields; hence, each brand has their uniqueness and there are countless fashion brands which hold relatively similar products. However, although they may have similar designs people undertake those point of view as each brands interpretation of the common. Likewise, Bourdieus idea of field lies within these type of division. Although each field holds their own sets of beliefs it is the inevitable fact that they may have something in common, and within those area some field may suffer from loosing competition with other related fields. It is inevitable cycle that goes around any type of field, for ins tance field of fashion, each generation of designers and producers are required to overturn the well-known artists who came before them. Nonetheless, this cycle continues only to be evaluated by the next new generations of avant-garde who also may believe themselves as unique and powerful, therefore this cannot be redeem in any kind of sense. It can be considered as a fact rather than a cycle, this continues competition to win and survive in each field one belongs to, this idea of cycle or fact is crucial. As Boyne (1993: 248) argues, field is a macro-structural concept, which allowed us to capture the role and socio-temporal orchestration of the event. Thus, in bringing together the field participants into one spatially and temporally bounded event, LFW renders visible, through its orchestration, wider field characteristics, such as field boundaries, positions, position taking, and habitus. This rendering of the field is the key to understanding LFW as a critical moment in the life of the field as a whole. Despite its ostensible aim to simply showcase next seasons fashionable clothing, reproduce and legitimate the field of fashion and the positions of those players within it. The positions of the agents in the field are determined by the amount and weight of the capitals they have. Field are simultaneously spaces of conflict and competition as agents compete to gain a monopoly in the species of capital that most effective in the particular field. For instance agents in the field of fashion, may use social and economic capital to gain a monopoly on theà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Bourdiu him self conceptualizes field as being more like magnetic fields. These varieties of field each have its own internal logic and regulatory principles govern the game on the field. The most important field though is the field of power. The hierarchy of the power relationship within the political field serves to structure all the other fields. Society then assembled of relatively autonomous sphere of play that cannot be collapsed under any overall social logic, like capitalism, modernity or postmodernity. The very shape and division of it becomes a central stake to the agents. Altering the distribution and relative weight of the different forms of capital within a field become ten a mount to modifying structure of the field. Therefore fields have historical dynamism about them to have merely ability that avoids the determinism of the classical structuralism. Bourdieus theory of capitals, habitus, and fields exist in many form of category in society. However, these types of theories rely on the social status, and by adapting this theory in fashion illustrates that majority of mode relies on money and upper class society. Without, upper classs experience and adventure in establishing mode, others would not have high chance in experiencing the minimum. This is shown through peoples taste in fashion. Fashion has now become key item to reveal ones character and social status. Bourdieus form of capital illustrates ones identity and their social status, habitus is considered as the unconscious mind revealing itself through style. Fields shows the division of social class. Bourdieu (1980) accounts for the tensions and contradictions that arise when people encounter and are challenged by different contexts. His theory can be used to explain how people can resist power and domination in one [field] and express complicity in another (Moncrieffe 2006: 37)

Weed Kill Experiment Report :: essays research papers

Weed Kill Report ABSTRACT - The objective of this experiment is to determine which of three weed kill methods will be most successful in killing the Cobblers peg weed over a five day period. Two of the weed kill methods are natural - boiling water and vinegar solution. One of the weed kill methods is a weed spray Yates ZERO. The most effective weed kill was found by examining how fast and effectively each weed kill treatment killed its group of seventeen weeds which were separated into one of three foam boxes over a period of five days. The most successful method was found to be one of the natural methods, boiling water. The next best method was the herbicide and then the least successful method was the vinegar solution which killed none of its weeds. INTRODUCTION – My initial observation was that simple conservation actions such as reducing the use of pesticides can achieve measurable improvements in habitat quality and environmental health. Herbicides are toxic to most mammals as well as to the beneficial insects that you want to encourage in your garden. Sometimes herbicides seep into the ground water; causing contamination of which the long term effects are not known. Herbicide application can also result in drift or movement in the soil, this endangers wanted vegetation nearby. Herbicides are used far too rampantly. Excessive use of toxic herbicides is used when not necessary and because most are not aware of the many other natural alternatives. We must find more ways to cut back on the use of chemical herbicides and change to biological weed control methods. Foreign plants which turn into weeds are continuously being introduced to Australia both accidentally and intentionally. They can cause extreme damage to Australia’s environment, as they threaten the survival of many native plants. They are successful in growing as they - usually grow faster than native plants competing for nutrients, water, space etc, they survive better as they do not have the pests and diseases that would normally control them in their natural habitats, they take over the native plants that the native animals use for shelter, food and nesting. The Cobblers peg (Bidens pilosa) also known as farmers friend, Spanish needle and beggars tick was introduced from South America and has become a weed in Australia. Individual flowers are yellow with white petals and do not last for very long, eventually turning into seeds.

Iran nuclear deal

Iran's Nuclear Deal: Challenges and Opportunities Air Commodore (R) Khalid Iqbal These days, almost everyone is curious about an erratic and hence potentially troublesome nuclear deal reached between Iran and the P 5+1 (read America). Soon after the agreement, the two sides have begun interpreting it in opposite directions. Americans are claiming that Iran would have to significantly roll back its nuclear programme, whereas Iranian interpretation does not endorse this point of view. Soon the IAEA's version would start pouring in to further compound the confusion.Moreover, Obama may not be able to hold the Israeli pressure and congressional dynamics. Hence, America may backtrack. Immediately after the agreement, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov summarized the deal as: â€Å"This deal means that we agree that it is necessary to recognize Iran's right to peaceful atoms, including the right to enrichment, provided that the questions that remain to the Iranian nuclear programme and the programme itself come under strict control of the IAEA. This is the final goal, but it has already been set in today's document. The opponents of the deal insist that Iran has retained its potential to create a nuclear weapon. The whole of its Uranium enrichment infrastructure remains intact. A disappointed Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said: â€Å"l emphasize: the deal does not envisage the elimination of a single centrifuge. † Many experts are of the view that Iran's large nuclear infrastructure, which consists of some 17,000 enrichment centrifuges, is needed if a country has 12-15 operating nuclear plants which have to be supplied with fuel rods.Of now Iran has only one nuclear power plant, in Bushehr, which receives its fuel from Russia. Iran has agreed to stringent intrusive monitoring and control procedures employing video cameras, meters and snap inspections. Interestingly it has been allowed to manufacture centrifuges to replace those becoming non-fun ctional. The number would however stay constant. Iran had never put forward its claim to the necessity of nuclear weapons; it had all along been advocating a WMD free zone in the Middle East.According to the details of the agreement, Iran will halt enrichment of uranium above 5 percent purity for the next six months, retain half of its 20 percent enriched Uranium and dispose off emaining half by diluting it to less than 5 percent enrichment level. Iran has agreed that it will not make any further advances of its activities at the Natanz Fuel Enrichment Plant, Fordow, or the Arak reactor. However, Iran will continue its safeguarded R;D practices, including its current enrichment R; D practices, which are not designed for accumulation of the enriched Uranium.It will not construct any additional facility capable of reprocessing. In addition, its nuclear facilities in Fordo and Natanz will come under the IAEA control, while the construction of a heavy-water greement, to be negotiated wi thin one year after implementation of interim agreement, Iran's nuclear would be treated at par with other NNWS member of the NPT. In return for the interim agreement, the P5+1 group, (read the United States and the ELI), have agreed to ease some of the sanctions against Iran.This will allow Iran to resume limited trade relations with the United States in the oil and gas, petrochemical and automotive sectors as well as trading in gold and precious metals. The resulting benefit for Iran will amount to $5-7 billion. Indeed in the aftermath of his agreement, many bluffs have been called. Iran stands on high moral ground because its long-time stance of not building nuclear weapons stands validated. However, Iranians are known for their farsightedness and shrewd diplomacy; it would be naive to believe that they have signed an agreement for grabbing Just IJS$ 7 billion.Likewise, Americans are also no raw to let Iran retain critical capability of enriching Uranium up to 20 percent mark and remain content with cosmetic un-enriching of already enriched Uranium. Mark Urban's story aired on BBC on November 06, that Pakistan has given final touches to he nuclear weapons in compliance to the Saudi order and, proverbially, the caravan of camels carrying the nukes would start marching towards Saudi Arabia on Kings wink of eye, has fallen flat on the ground.Like Iran, Saudi Arabia is also a signatory and compliant of the NPT, and it has also never strived for any nuclear pursuits beyond its obligations as a NNWS member of the NPT. The interim nuclear understanding has indeed thrown up an opportunity for the Americans to recede from their position of untenable rhetoric and retool their relations with Iran. Since the fall of Iranian monarchy, America has been running rom pillar to post for discovering its new sustainable and robust moorings in Asia in general and in the Middle East in particular. It has not been able to find a substitute to â€Å"Shah's Iran†.Sustainable and functional Iran-US relations could offer much relief to America in many ways. America needs to shed at least a bit of Israeli baggage to make way for some patchy and truncated Palestinian state. Moreover, America is looking for a face saving political settlement in Syria, which also needs Iranian cooperation. Furthermore, Iranian influence in Afghanistan gives it a spoiler's role in the context 2 of post 2014 Afghanistan. The interim nuclear agreement with Iran provides America an opportunity of harnessing Iranian help in achieving these objectives.Iran has recently inaugurated Afghanistan's alternative access to warm waters via Chahbahar. Americans are desperate to find an alternative to their troublesome supply routes passing through Pakistan as well as the circuitous and expensive Northern Distribution Network. American relationship with Saudi Arabia is on decline and Saudis are further unhappy with the US for not doing enough against Iran. America's rapprochement with Iran would offset its critical dependence on Saudi Arabia. As of now, the US is coping with its politico-military failures in Iraq and Afghanistan. llies that would like to drag the United States into military operations in Libya and Syria – a hard sell to a common American. With most of the Arab countries consumed by the strains of the Arab spring, America may be feeling the necessity to reconfgure the Middle East. These constraints might have prompted the US to engage with Iran, which may be ready to own Shah's vision of becoming a policeman of the Gulf. If so, such a move could restore pre 1979 the balance of power in the Middle East, when Iran served as a linchpin of Gulf security.America's attitude to the Iranian nuclear program has undergone a sudden change and the nuclear deal could herald a change of balance of power in the Middle East. It may be an equivalent of America's unprecedented rapprochement in its relations with the Communist China in 1970. Agreement provides a w indow of opportunity to revive the IPl project. Iran and Pakistan have already decided to fast track the IP portion of the project. There are indicators that donors are now showing willingness to fund the IP project. However, even if India Jumps in, Pakistan should go for completing the IP first, and later lay dditional pipeline for India.IP should not be delayed for reverting back to the integrated IPl version. Pakistan had persistently urged for a non-military solution to the standoff over Iran's nuclear programme. It has, therefore, welcomed the interim arrangement. Events unfolding during the next six months would be crucial. Pakistan needs to be watchful and prepared to confront malicious attempts to drag it into nuclear controversies. 3 {Carried by the Nation on December 02, 2013 under the heading: A Leap Forward}. Writer is Consultant Policy Email:[email  protected] com and 4 Strategic Response at IPRI.

Assessment and Learning Essays

Assessment and Learning Essays Assessment and Learning Essay Assessment and Learning Essay Assessment and learning Assignment 1 Student results are used to review the quality and standards of teaching within the college. My students do a Btec level 2 which is graded from a pass to distinction based on the level of criteria the student achieve during each assignment. The students also do an NVQ in sport excellence. This is also graded from a pass to distinction depending on the quality of work provided through the year. The students Btec work is marked by me using the criteria which has been set by Btec. Each assignment is marked and then an overall grade is give to each unit which has been studied. The students work is also marked by an internal verifier who ensures I am marking the work correctly and giving the grades in accordance to the standards which are set by Btec. This verification also ensures that all teachers are marking consistently at the same level in the same course in different lessons. The college use these pass grades and course completion rates to assess the quality of teaching in th e college so if the grades start to slip the college can give assistance to the teachers where necessary. The college also use these grades and pass rates to market the college and maintain the profile of the courses within the college. The course work is also externally verified by Btec to ensure the college marks work to the same standard as other colleges in the country this means that anyone who passes the course will be consistent with others in the country. The college runs a SAR which the teacher can use to review the students progress through the year. The success rates of each student is important to the college as it shows that the standards are consistent and the pass rates will be achieved at the end of the year. If a teacher feels that students are not going to achieve the necessary standards the heads of department will have to look at the scheme of work and how the lessons are being implemented. The college will assist with any changes that may be required as the course could ultimately be dropped if standards are not achieved. The college has an OFSTED inspection which reviews the colleges overall performance. OFSTED report on all aspects of the college from the teaching to the administration of all departments. This inspection is done in every college across the country and OFSTED report on the necessary improvements which need to be made in each college. This is done in order to maintain the national standards of all subjects that are available at college. If the college drops below the national average then OFSTED have to assist the college in increasing the teaching standards within the college to improve the standards. Fair The purpose of the assignment was to determine the progress of learners and to provide adequate feedback that will motivate and assist their development. It was a formative assessment to gain an idea of the current abilities of learners and therefore did not contribute to their final grade. Also it was not constrained by time therefore making it less stressful as opposed to undertaking a summative assessment. iii. The assignment was appropriate for the learners to undertake as it was based on lessons and work that had been carried out previously during the academic year therefore students already had the necessary knowledge and skills to complete assignment. Careful consideration was taken when creating assignment to ensure that what was being assessed matched with what learners had previously learnt. It was vital to make the assignment a practical exercise that accurately measures the competence of learners as this approach was a requirement by the awarding body Edexcel. Using the competence approach of assessment gave learners an insight to the conditions and skills closely related to that of the IT industry. (Get a quote Reference: Anne Cox and Harriet Harper (2000), Planning Teaching and Assessing Learning, London, Greenwich University Press p73) Adjustments were made on the diverse needs of learners to ensure that all learners had equal access and opportunity to complete the assignment. Learners with a disability were given extended time to complete the assignment and had the option of getting assistance from a learning support worker. According to Keeley browne 2007 all educational institutions have had a responsibility to make reasonable adjustments for learners who have a diagnosed learning difficulty or disability and where approrpraite make adjustments to the way they are assessed. Assignment was done within lessons that took place within the IT labs therefore all learners had access to the resources necessary to complete assignment such as Computer, software, internet access etc. Task 3 In education feedback is a very useful tool that is used to assist in the development of learners. The general aims of providing feedback are to encourage learners, correct errors improve performance and reward or penalise certain behaviours (Haines 2004). The manner feedback is communicated to learners can have a positive or negative effect on the students moral, confidence and ultimately their learning experience. Any criticisms of learners work must be constructive in an attempt to encourage, motivate, and highlight areas for concern whilst focus on positives to improve the learning experience. Giving feedback to learners on their work can be done either in a written or verbal format; however the approach used is dependent on the assessment method, and the outcome/results of the assessment. For example if there is a common problem that majority of students have expressed then a verbal group feedback session could be adopted. In this approach to giving feedback, the teacher gives feedback to the whole class. Browne 2007 states that this type of feedback requires thoughtful planning and should be done prior to returning marked assessment in the form of a short introductory part of a teaching lesson. A feedback mechanism that encourages constructive feedback is the feedback sandwich. Docheff (1990) cited in F Butler describes the feedback sandwich as an effective model that comprises of reinforcing informational and motivational phrases. This approach is very useful as it gives learners an indication that they are heading in the right direction, provides critical information on performance; highlighting both strengths and weaknesses and finally encourages learners. Another approach of issuing feedback to learners is the use of feedback sheets with handwritten comments on learners assessed work. According to (Rece) this is an example of a type of written feedback. The use of comments in giving feedback is widely used within education and can be applied to essays, reports, dissertations etc. This is a very effective way of giving feedback as the comments are linked directly to the assessment criteria giving the students a clear understanding on the outcome of their work and any problems in a particular area of the assignment. An example of a comment could be You have carried out an extensive review however wider reading is required on the subject area. The feedback is therefore personalised and tailored to each individual learner. This approach of giving feedback is beneficial for learners as it can be repeatedly reviewed and learners can use it as a point of reference as opposed to verbal feedback. The disadvantage to handwritten comments is that it can be an exhaustive process for teachers to personalise comments to each individual learner. In the process of target setting learners should have an active role as it demonstrates a level of responsibility and accountability for their learning. Targets set should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely (SMART), and agreed on by both the teacher and student. Within learning institutions a typical example of target setting occurs at the beginning of the academic year in the form of Individual learning plans (ILPs). According to Browne 2007 it is a planned route that takes into consideration the needs and abilities of learners to achieve success. The use of ILPs is beneficial as it serves as a guide to what work needs to be completed, and a way of tracking and logging learners progress i.e. outcomes and action plans. Meeting targets can improve the confidence levels and morale of learners; however those who are unsuccessful should be given appropriate support in the form of feedback to acknowledge their errors and ways of improving. Task 4 Continuing to develop ones teaching practice is an integral part of a teachersâ„ ¢ profession. It is important to maintain and acquire new skills to ensure that learners receive a high standard or quality of education. There are a wide range of resources available to teachers that can assist in improving knowledge and skills on assessment issues. A teacher may wish to improve on giving constructive feedback or learn how to create valid, relevant, fair assessments. A very useful approach is to update your skills and knowledge of assessment by researching using books or material available on the World Wide Web. There is a vast amount of books and online material dedicated to providing information on assessment topics e.g. Training to teach in the learning and skills sector by Liz Keeley Browne or tda.gov.uk website. Training to teach in the learning and skills sector provides detailed information on the various types of assessment, designing assessment tasks, using feedback to help learners improve and record keeping. This book is very helpful as it provides templates of assessment tasks, and tests your understanding by using short tasks/exercises. The use of books and online material to enhance your teaching practice is beneficial as it is cost effective, can learn at own pace, provides theory that can be experimented within lessons; however a disadvantage is that it is not practical based and you may find difficulties transferring theory into practice. Learning by observing an experienced teacher such as your mentor is another way of improving your teaching practice. This can be done though observing a teacher issuing coursework or giving feedback to learners, view samples of assessments he/she has issued and seeking advice through discussions. This approach to developing as a teacher is hugely significant as you are able to receive suggestions and advice from an experienced professional and it also improves communication amongst colleagues. Further study or undertaking a course that solely focuses on assessment is a good way of developing. The University of Cambridge offers a course called the certificate of education in the principles and practice of assessment. This is a good way of improving as you obtain knowledge of assessment from specialists whilst receiving a recognised qualification; however it can be an expensive option as the course fee is ?760 per course or ?2210 for three courses. Source (https://cpdsearch.tda.gov.uk/ProvisionDetail.aspxe=fQCguFY5tkyDmYHsxSnw6PN1ukni+elx) Another route available to improve professionally with regards to assessment is to become a marker/examiner for examinations boards such as OCR. A key advantage to this approach is that you do not have to be a qualified teacher to become a marker; however good communication skills and a level 4 qualification, such as a degree is a requirement. Moderation is done frequently throughout the year typically January, June and March (put in Source OCR website and is a good source of earning an extra income whilst providing practical experience of marking learners work. References Armitage. A; Renwick M. (2008) Assessment in FE : a practical guide for lecturers, The Essential FE Toolkit Series, London, Continuum: pp70-80