Colosseum as an enormous triumphal monument Essay

Colosseum as a gigantic triumphal landmark - Essay Example This examination will start with the explanation that working of the Colosseum began under Emperor’s Vespasian rule around the 70-72 AD. This development was supported by the crown jewels that were recovered from the Jewish Temple after Jerusalem was dominated. The area picked in developing the Colosseum was a level locale on the floor of a valley in the midst of the Palatine, Esquiline, and Caelian Hills., right through which a canalized waterway ran. Constantly century, this zone was thickly populated. The Great Fire of Rome crushed the zone in AD 64. After the event of this occasion, Nero snatched a greater piece of the zone adding a ton to his own area. Nero assembled the self important Domus Aurea on the area, making a man-made lake that had structures, porticoes, and gardens encompassing it. The Aqua Claudia that existed was reached out in providing water to the area and the huge bronze, Nero’s Colossus was mounted close by at the Domus Aurea entrance. Despite the fact that the Colossus was monitored, all things considered, of the Domus Aurea was brought down. The land was utilized again as a territory for the most recent Flavian Amphitheater and the lake was filled. Gladiatorial schools and different help structures were grown close by inside the Domus Aurea previous grounds. As expressed in recreated composing found at the area, â€Å"emperor Vespasian requested this new amphitheater to be raised from his general’s portion of the booty.† This is accepted to allude to the massive fortune the Romans seized after they won the Great Jewish revolt in the 70 AD.

Application report 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application report 2 - Essay Example The ascent in government loan fee causes general increment in the expense of capital. This prompts the expansion in the expense of assembling and administrations. The current estimation of annuity, for example, benefits will diminish in light of the fact that the estimation of dollar or buying intensity of dollar will fall. Be that as it may, with the ascent in intrigue cost the higher financing cost of 6% will decrease the current estimation of annuity to 40,000/1.06= $37,735. The individual has lost $360 because of ascend in the typical cost for basic items. The other way around is likewise evident. Further, the future estimation of the cash contributed will ascend alongside the ascent in premium expense. The centrality of above estimation is that all out annuity however got is $5000 yet genuine worth is $4329 as it were. The value will additionally be diminished if loan cost is still high, state, 7 %. The speedy computation should be possible with a similar condition. Firms ascertain weighted normal expense of capital that relies on the expense of value and the expense of obligation. The expense of obligation will ascend with the ascent in intrigue cost as organization should give higher enthusiasm on its borrowings. The expansion in the expense of obligation will likewise expand the expense of value in light of the fact that the expense of value runs a couple of rate focuses higher (generally 5 to 10% contingent on the hazard profile of the organization) than the obligation cost. The higher intrigue cost will result into higher creation cost of the item or administrations. On the off chance that the organization can't pass the expanded expense to the customers then it will reflect into the diminished income of the organization for a given year. The net benefit of the organization is determined by deducting the premium paid on the obligation in a given year; anyway lesser profit in a given year may likewise result into lesser profit for

Understanding the Feelings of a Meth High

Understanding the Feelings of a Meth High Addiction Drug Use Meth Print What a Meth High Feels Like By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 12, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 23, 2019 Verywell / Joshua Seong More in Addiction Drug Use Meth Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The high that methamphetamine users experience, also known as methamphetamine intoxication, is often the main reason people take this dangerous drug. Those who are experimenting with meth use, regular methamphetamine users, and people in the early stages of methamphetamine addiction all crave the good feelings the drug imparts. The Meth High Like any addictive substance, methamphetamine can give the user feelings of pleasure, confidence, and energy beyond what they normally experience.?? On the flip side, it can also have very unpleasant and harmful short-term and long-term effects.?? The meth high involves both physical and psychological changes, many of which are caused by the effects of methamphetamine on the brain and nervous system.?? Individuals who use methamphetamine may experience some, but not necessarily all, of these effects. What to Know About Methamphetamine Use Euphoria or Emotional Blunting Euphoria is the enticing feeling that most people who are using methamphetamine come to crave. Methamphetamine stimulates the brain, creating a rewarding feeling that motivates people to want to do it again and again.?? In contrast, some meth users find that their emotions are blunted, so that they become less aware of their feelings. This can sometimes be a motivating factor for meth users who want to escape from painful memories or difficult life circumstances. Research shows that many people who become addicted to methamphetamine suffered from childhood abuse.?? One of the ironies of methamphetamine addiction is the tendency for people with addiction to seek out more of the drug to escape their negative emotions. The feeling of not caring anymore can provide temporary relief for someone burdened by stress and worries. Disorganization and even chaos can quickly escalate in the lives of methamphetamine users as they become addicted. Over time, meth usage can get in the way of people taking proper care of themselves. They may not be aware of how they appear to others and may stop performing basic self-care activities, such as brushing their teeth. Severe tooth decay, commonly called meth mouth in people who regularly use meth is common.?? This emotional blunting, or not caring, can interfere with the relationships that healthy adults cherish, such as those with their spouses and children. Additionally, methamphetamine users may simply stop going to work or school, or paying the bills. A Misplaced Sense of Empowerment While under the influence of meth, users can have the illusion of being more powerful and productive than they actually are. Although this can feel good to the meth user, it can cause real  problems. Meth can make people feel more socially outgoing, talkative, and self-confident. But they can simultaneously behave bizarrely and become distant from positive social relationships. Unaware that they may appear ridiculous to others, many users lose contact with anyone besides other methamphetamine users. Methamphetamine also can make people delusional. Their grasp on reality changes and can become eroded, and while they might feel superior to or better than other people (sometimes called grandiosity), they can also become anxious, paranoid, and aggressive.?? One of the problems with being high on meth is the lack of awareness of how you actually appear and how you are behaving, something that people in recovery from meth addiction are able to reflect on after the fact. Physical Stimulation or Tweaking Being high on meth also makes people feel different physically. In addition to a general feeling of stimulation, methamphetamine can cause changes to heart rhythm or breathing, sweating, feelings of being very hot or cold, or nausea and vomiting.?? Although some of these physical symptoms of meth intoxication can be quite unpleasant, with repeated meth use, the brain can start to associate these physical symptoms with the pleasurable feelings of the meth high. So, as people become addicted to meth, they may be surprisingly tolerant of these unpleasant side effects. The sleep deprivation common among users of methamphetamine can worsen mental health problems such as anxiety, delusions, and hallucinations.?? Users can get very fidgety, known as tweaking, and may experience formication, or the sensation of insects crawling underneath their skin. Repetitively picking at their skin leads to open wounds that later scar, known as meth sores, a characteristic of regular meth users.?? If methamphetamine intoxication is taken to the extreme, the experience can be dangerous as well as unpleasant. In particular, there is a risk of heart problems, seizures, and even death. Brain Recovery Is Possible After Stopping Meth Weight Loss One of the reasons many people are attracted to methamphetamine is that it can be an appetite suppressant, and users may perceive themselves as more attractive when they lose weight. Meth is unusual among illicit drugs in that almost as many women as men use it; most drugs and alcohol are taken by more men than women. While a persons physical appearance often deteriorates as they continue to use methamphetamine, the initial feeling of being in control and losing weight can create a sense of well-being. And because users lack awareness of the changes in their physical appearance, they may not realize when they begin to show the adverse effects of the drug such as a frail or gaunt appearance. Sexual Effects The sexual effects of meth can be attractive to people who have sex addictions. While methamphetamine can be sexually stimulating, it can also lead to sexual dysfunction and a loss of libido.?? Considerable attention has been given to the use of meth in the gay community, commonly known as party and play or PnP, particularly in relation to concern about HIV and other STI risk.?? When Drug Use and Sex Are Combined Dosage Problems Because methamphetamine is produced in clandestine or home labs, there is no way to predict how toxic or strong its going to be, which can lead to users taking more than they intended, with potentially devastating results. Taking a stronger dose can also increase a users tolerance so that the next time, more of the drug is needed to get the same high. If the drug is stopped, withdrawal is more intense, which is the physical side of the addiction. Getting Help Methamphetamine can be highly addictive and when users stop taking it, their symptoms can include anxiety, fatigue, depression, psychosis, and intense cravings for the drug. While there are currently no government-approved medications to treat methamphetamine addition, behavioral therapies can be effective. If you know someone who uses methamphetamine, understanding how it makes them feel may help you approach and communicate with them. People who use meth are often reluctant to stop doing it when it feels good, even when they know its bad for them. And those who have developed a physical dependence on the drug can experience severe withdrawal effects when they stop. If someone you know has become addicted to methamphetamine, you can help. Find information about addiction and mental health services in your area, searching by state or zip code online or calling the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) at 1-800-662-4357. How to Support Someone With an Addiction

Effects Of Technology On The Economy Of The Country

Imagine a warm summer’s day out in the country. No work, no distractions, just you and your friends sipping wine, eating great food, and having even better conversation. This has become a popular fantasy in Missouri, which is one of the many reasons why wineries in the state are popping up left and right. With such a growing business industry there are many effects on the economy of having wineries. In a world of technology, it is nice to be able to put the phone or laptop away and answer to no one for a few hours. Being able to put technology aside allows for the relaxing time so many people want to add to their lives. For those who live in the rural areas where wineries are being built, it is a bit more challenging to live a relaxing life. The struggle to find jobs in a small town that is not near much of anything becomes much easier when wineries offer a variety of jobs and grants rural citizens the ability to find the relaxation they are looking for. With the hustle of eve ryday life, people want to have a place they can go to unwind. Wineries are an amazing option for peace and tranquility. Most wineries grow their own grapes and ferment their own wine on-site. With the business side of wine companies in the same location as the winery, many people get first-hand experience of how wine is produced. Now, to have the manufacturing side of wine companies in the same location as the winery, there must also be an abundance of land. The good thing is that since Missouri isShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And Its Effect On Society1240 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization and the use of new technologies and how it strengthens or weakens global inequalities Globalization is a very important force in the new world and it continues to impact the lives of individuals as well as groups world over. The role and affect of globalization has broadened over time. It has resulted in the lessening of trade barriers, integration of the economy of the world, increase in opportunities for groups and individuals alike and an increase in the economic well being andRead MoreHow Does Science Affect The Economy1268 Words   |  6 Pages How does Science Affect the Economy Schiller International University Name: Frank A. Lloyd Professor: Dr. Hartman Read MoreThe Effects Of Population Growth On The Steady State Of The Solow Growth Model1502 Words   |  7 Pages The effects of population growth on the steady-state of the Solow growth model INTRODUCTION As the creation of neo-classical economic growth model pioneer, Solow growth model creates a new breakthrough in terms of the theoretical model in the reality and plays an important role in study in long-run economic growth model. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of population growth on the steady-state and growth rates of the Solow growth model. The structure of this essay isRead MoreThe Golden Age For Technology1135 Words   |  5 PagesI think 2016 is the golden age for technology. Everything is easy with the internet and the smartphone. You can buy things quickly online. The world has become smaller through technology, especially regarding international trading. The internet makes almost free communication possible between people around the world thousands of miles apart, while modern transport allows quick physical access to parts of the world. If you have the Internet, you can put your business online and compete with many companiesRead MoreOutsourcing : Effect Of Outsourcing1631 Words   |  7 Pages OUTSOURCING : EFFECTS OF OUTSOURCING IN AMERICA DHANASHREE AROTE 83360 INDEX Serial No. Topic Page No. 1. Introduction 3 2. Benefits of Outsourcing 4. 3. Negative Effects 5 4. Managing Outsourcing 7 5. 6 Key Trends 8 6. Conclusion 8 7. 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As a result, the globalization increase the gap between richRead MoreWhy Multinational Corporations Are Beneficial For Developing Countries1530 Words   |  7 PagesIdentify the positive and negative impacts of multinational companies on less developed countries. The appearance of multinational corporations as a global power and the implications of setting up them in less developed countries was strongly supported by the new rules of world which called economic liberalism and globalization. They became a national phenomenon a post-world war II and widespread when the United States enacted the structure of world regulation for political, economic and militaryRead MoreGlobalization : The World Of Politics And The Human Population1648 Words   |  7 Pagespeople and businesses of different nations, it is a process propelled by trade, investment and technology. The process of globalization has great purpose for bring people together and sharing ideas however, it has effects on the environment, culture, the economy, politics and the human population (Globalization 101). Globalization has effected the environment due to human productivity; cars, technology, mining, farming and the advancements of different products. Globalization has effecte d cultureRead MoreThe Many Benefits of Globalization Essays1009 Words   |  5 Pagesjust one impact of the new technologies that are reshaping the economies of the third millennium† (Thurow 19-31). When speaking of globalization, most people will not have a complete understanding as of what it actually means or what aspects of the world it affects. Globalization promotes free trade and creates jobs. The capital markets attract investors, resort cheap labor, and leads to job losses in some areas of higher wage. While all of this is happening, the world economy is being effected: economicallyRead MorePositive Effects Of Globalization1361 Words   |  6 Pagesthe â€Å"increasing interdependence of world economies† (Shangquan, 2000), as a result of free movement of goods, services, technology, capital, and information between countries and across borders. It is one of the three main areas of globalization; economic globalization moves at an increasingly fast pace as mov ement across borders progresses. While economic globalization has had many benefits and positive effects on both developed and under developed countries, it has also created, and contributed to

A Short Note On Buddhism Essay - 1053 Words

Final Term Paper Buddhism Have you ever wondered how meditation, kindness, and suffering can help you reach true peace? Today, I will be informing you on how these concepts as well as a few others play an important role in reaching none other than, Nirvana. What I am going to be discussing is one of the great Asian philosophical and religious traditions, Buddhism. Those who practice Buddhism believe that life goes on and on in many reincarnations or rebirths. The eternal hope for all who practice Buddhism is that through reincarnation one comes back into successively better lives; until one achieves the goal of being free from pain and suffering and not having to come back again. This wheel of rebirth, known as Samsara, goes on forever until one achieves Nirvana. The Buddhist definition of Nirvana is the highest state of spiritual bliss, as absolute immortality through absorption of the soul into itself, but preserving individuality. Birth is not the beginning and death is not the end. This cycle of life has no beginning and can go on forever without an end. The ultimate goal for every Buddhist, Nirvana, is to accomplish total enlightenment and liberation. By achieving this goal, one can be liberated from the never-ending round of birth, death, and rebirth. Transmigration, the Buddhist cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, does not invol ve the reincarnation of a spirit, but only the rebirth of a consciousness containing the seeds of good and evil deeds. BuddhismShow MoreRelatedLions Roar Mandala Tibetan Buddhist Meditation Dharma Center1079 Words   |  5 Pagessegment was short since hardly anyone had a question, or pitching in their two cents. The meeting concluded with another prayer. According to in-class lectures, Buddhists are not polytheistic, nor monotheistic. Their ultimate goal is Nirvana, or being liberated from the physical world, reaching enlightenment. Originating with Siddartha Gautama, â€Å"after experiencing a life of extreme self-pleasure, followed by extreme restraint from pleasure, the way between both worlds is discovered† (class notes). ThatRead MoreThe Codifying And Transmitting Of Traditions In Written1281 Words   |  6 Pagesa significant phenomenon visible throughout history. Several major religious practices have, in fact, used sacred texts to demonstrate and canonize important doctrines, as Muslims have done with the Quran. An example of this method in the case of Buddhism is Mahaparinibbana Sutta, which exhibits multiple discourses of the Buddha in his final days. This text, particularly the verses written below, is thus worthy of close analysis following comparisons to those of other religions for insight. And theRead MoreThe Religion Of Buddhism And Buddhism1730 Words   |  7 Pageslife. The religion of Buddhism is one of these that had this effect when it began to spread from India where it originated, to many Asian countries especially China where it would have the biggest impact. In China, Buddhism would take root and would grow to become a popular religion in the country much like the other major religions of China, Confucianism and Taoism, which together with Buddhism would later be known as the â€Å"Three Teachings†. Additionally, at some point Buddhism would began to loseRead MoreSimilarities Between Sherlock Holmes And Buddhism1481 Words   |  6 Pagesmost vital. However, while Sherlock is often characterized as being an unemotional, calculating, and purely logical detective, there is literary proof that seems to suggest that he may also be a deeply spiritual man. Through Sir Conan Arthur Doyle s short stories of the man with the â€Å"long grey travelling-cloakâ €  and the â€Å"close-fitting cloth cap,† the reader will be presented with evidence that shows how Holmes both does and does not demonstrate characteristics of Buddhist philosophy and may even be aRead More The Writings of J.D. Salinger Essay1513 Words   |  7 Pagesis an American short story writer and novelist. He was born on January 1, 1919 and is still alive at the age of 81. J.D. Salinger was born and raised in Manhattan. He went to prep school at Valley Forge Military Academy from 1934-1936. He spent 5 months in Europe when he was 18 or 19 years old. Then, in 1937 and 1938 he studied at Ursinus College and New York University. From 1939 to 1942, he went to Columbia University where he decided to become a writer. Salinger published short story collectionsRead MoreA Cultural And Community Experience1371 Words   |  6 PagesBuddhist Center located in Middletown, Connecticut on July 8, 2014. PRIOR TO VISITING THE CENTER Before I visited the Chenrezig Tibetan Buddhist Center, I wasn’t sure what to expect. I tried not to do too much research about the Center and Tibetan Buddhism on purpose before attending because I wanted the experience to be fairly raw. I thought the better prepared that I might have been, the less chance that I might feel the discomfort of being an â€Å"other.† However, I did brush up on the etiquette onRead MoreThe Western Relationship With Nature1735 Words   |  7 PagesIt serves in complete opposition of the idealistic view of the people completely in touch with nature, similar to those of traditional hunter-gatherer societies. The teachings of Buddhism, Confucianism and Shintoism all have differing concepts on the treatment of the surrounding environment. On a general note, Buddhism is engrained with a marked respect for all things natural and a basic belief is that all forms of life are interdependent and the principle ‘ahimsa’ is that no harm will be inflictedRead MoreThe Diary Of Lady Murasaki1532 Words   |  7 PagesIn the essentially dual religious system in Japan, ideologies and traditions play a heavy role in the everyday life of the Japanese people. Shintoism and Buddhism intertwine and complement themselves in Japanese culture, despite Buddhism coming in from mainland Asia. A particularly powerful idea from Buddhism is mono no aware, the realization and acknowledgment of the impermanence and its place in the world. This idea that nothing stays the same forever manifests itself heavily in Japanese literatureRead More Siddhartha Essay: Use of Form, Symbolism, and Conflict1240 Words   |  5 PagesSiddharthas ultimate goal of attaining personal fulfillment.    Siddharthas wound is another symbol seen in this work.   He reunites with Kamala and, in doing so, learns of the existence of a son; the meeting between father and child, however, is short-lived, and the resulting separation leaves Siddhartha grieving with emotional pain.   No matter how hard Siddhartha tries to move on, the wound still smarted, (Hesse 131).   After losing his son, Siddhartha is consumed by a great emptiness.   His painRead More The Dharma Bums Aesthetic Response Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe Dharma Bums Aesthetic Response  Ã‚   After the opening chapter of the novel in which the narrator writes, Just in my swim shorts, barefooted, wild-haired, in the red fire dark, singing, swigging wine, spitting, jumping, running- thats the way to live (7), I knew that the book was not only going to be interesting, but also great. I was not displeased after finishing it either. The Dharma Bums struck me as being one of the most fantastic books that I have ever read; one that contains an amazingly

Elderly Abuse Free Essays

Everyone has the right to be protected in any means of abuse. Abuse of the elders will be considered as one of the worst. Elders are so vulnerable from such abuse causing them to feel distrustful and alone. We will write a custom essay sample on Elderly Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now Incidents of abuse are commonly occurring in nursing home facilities, impatient mental health hospitals, or within the person’s residence where the elders are not treated as how they should be. Abuse may come in verbal, physical, or even sexual means. Most of the victims were left with bruises, wounds, broken bones, or bed sores. Even worse, many suffer from trauma. Every year, many thousands of elderly abuse incidents are recorded. The sad part of it was most of the elders suffered the abuse, neglect, and extortion from their own family, relatives, and other persons in contact with them. In California, and in every other states of the United States of America, care givers and every other direct care workers ranked number one from the ones who commit the responsibility of such abuse. These include the physical abuse through hitting of any object and mishandling of the elders causing to bruises, sexual abuse from mean touching to rape, mental abuse implied with screaming and yelling to the victim, medical mistreatment through improper usage of drugs and inadequate treatment of sicknesses, and extortion. Abandonment would be another type of abuse wherein the caretaker always leaves the elder alone, causing the victim to be very inferior and just choose to isolate his/her self. There are many signs that may help you know if your elders are suffering from abuse and neglect. They always experience depression, confusion, dementia, and anger. How will the abuse be stopped? It will be possible through prevention. Once you noticed some signs of abuse, try to report it to your officials as soon as possible. How to cite Elderly Abuse, Papers

Elderly Abuse Free Essays

Everyone has the right to be protected in any means of abuse. Abuse of the elders will be considered as one of the worst. Elders are so vulnerable from such abuse causing them to feel distrustful and alone. We will write a custom essay sample on Elderly Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now Incidents of abuse are commonly occurring in nursing home facilities, impatient mental health hospitals, or within the person’s residence where the elders are not treated as how they should be. Abuse may come in verbal, physical, or even sexual means. Most of the victims were left with bruises, wounds, broken bones, or bed sores. Even worse, many suffer from trauma. Every year, many thousands of elderly abuse incidents are recorded. The sad part of it was most of the elders suffered the abuse, neglect, and extortion from their own family, relatives, and other persons in contact with them. In California, and in every other states of the United States of America, care givers and every other direct care workers ranked number one from the ones who commit the responsibility of such abuse. These include the physical abuse through hitting of any object and mishandling of the elders causing to bruises, sexual abuse from mean touching to rape, mental abuse implied with screaming and yelling to the victim, medical mistreatment through improper usage of drugs and inadequate treatment of sicknesses, and extortion. Abandonment would be another type of abuse wherein the caretaker always leaves the elder alone, causing the victim to be very inferior and just choose to isolate his/her self. There are many signs that may help you know if your elders are suffering from abuse and neglect. They always experience depression, confusion, dementia, and anger. How will the abuse be stopped? It will be possible through prevention. Once you noticed some signs of abuse, try to report it to your officials as soon as possible. How to cite Elderly Abuse, Papers

Ms Essays (942 words) - English-language Films, Little Women

It is interesting that Louisa May Alcott writes Little Women, in which she incorporates her own feelings and experiences. In fact, Jo's character is a near replication of Alcott herself. This makes the novel all the more interesting and personal, with the author speaking directly through the protagonist. Alcott writes the novel from third person limited point of view, focusing chiefly on Josephine March. She develops the characters brilliantly throughout the entire work, especially the March girls. Each sister is entirely unique, and yet so tightly bound together through their love for one another. Little Women takes place during the Civil War in a small town in Massachusetts. The Marchs live a life of poverty with their father in the war. Through this hardship, the girls: Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy, learn to be thankful in all circumstances and help those less fortunate than themselves. The girls are very hopeful and dream of a brighter future. Each experiences adventures and pursues her own dreams. In the end, they are still gathered as one family, grateful for their many blessings and for each other. Josephine March is the protagonist, a tomboy who refuses to submit to the traditional image of ladyhood. This mindset is radically different from a typical woman of her time. Jo possesses an innate passion for writing and literature in general. However, she loses much of her headstrong independent nature through marrying Professor Bhaer. She gives up writing as he is a significant critic of her style. The reader is exposed to two the dramatically different sides of Jo March. She is rebellious, fiery, and outspoken, wishing all the while that she was a man who could fight in the war along side her dear father. Jo stresses and works to keep her family together, becoming extremely upset when Meg and Amy become married. With their father absent, Jo assumes the male role as a father figure in many ways. Nevertheless, her flaws only make Jo a more lovable character. The reader cannot help but adore Jo for her sheer humanity, much like Huck in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Amy is the youngest March sister. She is ladylike, artistic, and is regarded as the beauty of the March family. Often fantasizing a life of riches and popularity, Amy's thirst for worldly pleasures represents the inner desires of man. Amy acts as a foil for Jo. Her attitudes and emotions completely contrast with Jo's, emphasizing Josephine's character more so. Ladylike, artistic, Amy is regarded as the beauty of the March family. Despite Jo and Amy's significant differences, both struggle to balance society's expectations and her natural, individual inclinations. Additionally, amidst their flaws, both are lovably realistic characters. Like Amy, Meg March also struggles with her girlish weakness for money and luxury. Ironically, Meg eventually marries a poor man whom she loves dearly. This is Alcott's way of resolving her problem and teaching a lesson. Meg represents the conventional and the good lady of her time, much like her mother, "Marmee". However, Meg has a tendency to conform into someone she is not, in order to please others. This is evident when she allows various women to dress her as a rich girl prior to Annie Moffat's party. Throughout the novel, Alcott presents several images of burning and fire, representing both anger and writing. Jo arrives at Annie Moffat's grand party with a large burned spot on the back of her dress, representing her resistance to traditional, and perhaps unrealistic, female role in society. When Jo forbids Amy to come to a play with her, Amy burns Jo's manuscript in a fit of rage. Jo, in turn, burns her own writings that are criticized by her beloved Professor Bhaer. Initially, fire seems to destroy Jo, however, it succeeds in marking the end of the fiery girl she once was. Alcott also emphasizes the use of umbrellas in the novel. This represents the protection a man gives to a woman. When Mr. Brooks offers his umbrella to Meg, Jo is infuriated that a man cares for her sister. Again at the conclusion of the novel, Professor Bhaer holds his umbrella over Jo, offering his love and protection to her.

Financial Aid Calculator for Private Schools

Financial Aid Calculator for Private Schools While many parents experience sticker shock when they see the price of tuition at private schools, it is important to remember that affording a private school education is not like purchasing a house, vehicle or another high-end purchase. Why? Simple: private schools offer financial aid to qualified families. Thats right, about 20% of private school students nationwide receive some form of financial aid to defray the cost of tuition, which averages about $20,000 at day schools (and closer to $40,000 or more in many urban areas on the East and West Coasts) and over $50,000 at many boarding schools. According to NAIS, or the National Association of Independent Schools, nearly 20% of students at private schools nationwide are awarded some financial aid, and the average grant of need-based aid was $9,232 for day schools and $17,295 for boarding schools (in 2005). At schools with large endowments, such as top boarding schools, about 35% of students receive need-based aid. At many boarding schools, families earning under about $75,000 year may actually pay little or nothing in tuition, so be sure to ask about these programs if they apply to your family. Overall, private schools give out more than $2 billion in financial aid to families.   How Schools Determine Financial Aid To determine how much financial aid each family should be granted, most private schools ask families to fill out applications and possibly submit tax forms. Applicants may also have to fill out the School and Student Service’s (SSS) Parents’ Financial Statement (PFS) to determine what parents can pay towards their children’s private school tuitions. About 2,100 K-12 schools use the Parents’ Financial Statement, but before parents fill it out, they should be sure the schools they are applying to accept this application. Parents can fill out the PFS online, and the site offers a workbook to guide applicants. Filling out the form online costs $37, while it costs $49 to fill it out on paper. A fee waiver is available. The PFS asks parents to provide information about the family’s income, the family’s assets (homes, vehicles, bank and mutual fund accounts, etc.), the debts the family owes, how much the family pays for educational expenses for all their children, and other expenses the family may have (such as dental and medical expenses, camps, lessons and tutors, and vacations). You may be asked to upload certain documents related to your finances onto the website, and these documents are stored securely. Based on the information you submit on the PFS, the SSS determines how much discretionary income you have and makes a recommendation about your â€Å"Estimated Family Contribution† to the schools to which you are applying. However, schools make their own decisions about the amount each family can pay for tuition, and they may adjust this estimate. For example, some schools may decide that they can not afford this amount and may ask the family to pay more, while other schools may adjust the cost of living for your city or town based on local factors. In addition, schools vary in how much aid they offer based on their endowment and the school’s commitment to providing financial aid to broaden their student body. In general, older, more established schools tend to have larger endowments and can offer to provide more generous financial aid packages. Where to Find a Financial Aid Calculator The truth is, there really isnt a fool-proof financial aid calculator for private school applicants. But, private schools do try to work closely with families to meet their needs. If you want a general idea of your estimated FA award, you might consider a financial aid calculator used by students applying for financial aid at college. You can also ask the admission office for statistics on average financial aid awards offered by the school, percent of family-need met and the percent of students who receive aid. Also, look at the schools endowment and ask what the full financial aid budget is, these factors can help you get an idea of how aid is allocated to families. Because each school makes its own decision about financial aid and how much your family should pay toward tuition, you may wind up with very different offers from different schools. In fact, the amount of aid you are offered can be one of the factors you consider when choosing the right private school.

Thomas Macdonough in the War of 1812

Thomas Macdonough in the War of 1812 A native of Delaware, Thomas MacDonough became a noted officer in the US Navy during the early part of the 19th century. From a large family, he followed an older brother into the service and obtained a midshipmans warrant during the final months of the Quasi-War with France. MacDonough later saw service in the First Barbary War where he served under Commodore Edward Preble and took part in the daring raid which burned the captured frigate USS Philadelphia (36 guns). Shortly after the start of the  War of 1812, he received command of American forces on Lake Champlain. Building fleet, MacDonough won a decisive victory at the Battle of Plattsburgh in 1814 which saw him capture the entire British squadron. Early Life Born December 21, 1783 in northern Delaware, Thomas MacDonough was the son of Dr. Thomas and Mary McDonough. A veteran of the American Revolution, the senior McDonough served with the rank of major at the Battle of Long Island and was later wounded at White Plains. Raised in a strict Episcopal family, the younger Thomas was educated locally and by 1799 was working as a store clerk in Middletown, DE. At this time, his elder brother James, a midshipman in the US Navy, returned home having lost a leg during the Quasi-War with France. This inspired MacDonough to seek a career at sea and he applied for a midshipmans warrant with the aid of Senator Henry Latimer. This was granted on February 5, 1800. Around this time, for unknown reasons, he changed the spelling of his last name from McDonough to MacDonough. Going to Sea Reporting aboard USS Ganges (24), MacDonough sailed for the Caribbean in May. Through the summer, Ganges, with Captain John Mullowny in command, captured three French merchant vessels. With the end of the conflict in September, MacDonough remained in the US Navy and moved to the frigate USS Constellation (38) on October 20, 1801. Sailing for the Mediterranean, Constellation served in Commodore Richard Dales squadron during the First Barbary War. First Barbary War While aboard, MacDonough received a thorough nautical education from Captain Alexander Murray. As the composition of the squadron evolved, he received orders to join USS Philadelphia (36) in 1803. Commanded by Captain William Bainbridge, the frigate succeeded in capturing the Moroccan warship Mirboka (24) on August 26. Taking shore leave that fall, MacDonough was not aboard Philadelphia when it grounded on an uncharted reef in Tripoli harbor and was captured on October 31. Without a ship, MacDonough was soon reassigned to the sloop USS Enterprise (12). Serving under Lieutenant Stephen Decatur, he aided in the capture of the Tripolitan ketch Mastico in December. This prize was soon refitted as USS Intrepid (4) and joined the squadron. Concerned that Philadelphia would be salvaged by the Tripolitans, the squadron commander, Commodore Edward Preble, began formulating a plan to eliminate the stricken frigate. This called for Decatur to sneak into Tripoli harbor using Intrepid, storming the ship, and setting it ablaze if it could not saved. Familiar with Philadelphias layout, MacDonough volunteered for the raid and played a key role. Moving forward, Decatur and his men succeeded in burning Philadelphia on February 16, 1804. A stunning success, the raid was termed the the most bold and daring act of the Age by British Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson. Peacetime Promoted to acting lieutenant for his part in the raid, MacDonough soon joined the brig USS Syren (18). Returning the United States in 1806, he aided Captain Isaac Hull in overseeing the construction of gunboats at Middletown, CT. Later that year, his promotion to lieutenant was made permanent. Completing his assignment with Hull, MacDonough received his first command in the sloop of war USS Wasp (18). Initially operating in the waters around Britain, Wasp spent much 1808 off the United States enforcing the Embargo Act. Departing Wasp, MacDonough spent part of 1809 aboard USS Essex (36) before leaving the frigate to direct gunboat construction at Middletown. With the repeal of the Embargo Act in 1809, the US Navy reduced its forces. The following year, MacDonough requested leave and spent two years as the captain of a British merchant vessel sailing to India. The War of 1812 Begins Returning to active duty shortly before the beginning of the War of 1812 in June 1812, MacDonough initially received a posting to Constellation. Fitting out at Washington, DC, the frigate required several months of work before being ready for sea. Eager take part in the fighting, MacDonough soon requested a transfer and briefly commanded gunboats at Portland, ME before being ordered to take command of US naval forces on Lake Champlain that October. Arriving at Burlington, VT, his forces were limited to the sloops USS Growler (10) and USS Eagle (10). Though small, his command was sufficient to control the lake. This situation changed radically on June 2, 1813, when Lieutenant Sidney Smith lost both vessels near Ile aux Noix. Building a Fleet Promoted to master commandant on July 24, MacDonough began large a shipbuilding effort at Otter Creek, VT in an effort to regain the lake. This yard produced the corvette USS Saratoga (26), the sloop of war USS Eagle (20), the schooner USS Ticonderoga (14), and several gunboats by late spring 1814. This effort was matched by his British counterpart, Commander Daniel Pring, who commenced his own building program at Ile aux Noix. Moving south in mid-May, Pring attempted to attack the American shipyard but was driven off by MacDonoughs batteries. Completing his vessels, MacDonough shifted his squadron of fourteen warships across the lake to Plattsburgh, NY to await Prings next sortie south. Out-gunned by the Americans, Pring withdrew to await the completion of the frigate HMS Confiance (36). Showdown at Plattsburgh As Confiance neared completion, British forces led by Lieutenant General Sir George Prà ©vost began gathering with the intention of invading the United States via Lake Champlain. As Prà ©vosts men marched south, they would be supplied and protected by British naval forces now led by Captain George Downie. To oppose this effort, badly outnumbered American forces, commanded by Brigadier General Alexander Macomb, assumed a defensive position near Plattsburgh. They were supported by MacDonough who arrayed his fleet in Plattsburgh Bay. Advancing on August 31, Prà ©vosts men, which included a large number of the Duke of Wellingtons veterans, were hampered by a variety of delaying tactics used by the Americans. Arriving near Plattsburgh on September 6, their initial efforts were turned back by Macomb. Consulting with Downie, Prà ©vost intended to attack the American lines in force on September 10 in concert with a naval effort against MacDonough in the bay. MacDonoughs Plan Blocked by unfavorable winds, Downies ships were unable to advance on the desired date and were forced to delay a day. Mounting fewer long guns than Downie, MacDonough took a position in Plattsburgh Bay where he believed his heavier, but shorter range carronades would be most effective. Supported by ten small gunboats, he placed Eagle, Saratoga, Ticonderoga, and the sloop Preble (7) in a north-south line. In each case, two anchors were used along with spring lines to permit the vessels to turn while at anchor. After scouting the American position on the morning of September 11, Downie chose to move forward. The Fleets Engage Passing around Cumberland Head at 9:00 AM, Downies squadron consisted of Confiance, the brig HMS Linnet (16), the sloops HMS Chubb (10) and HMS Finch (11), and twelve gunboats.  As the Battle of Plattsburgh began, Downie initially sought to place Confiance across the head of the American line, but shifting winds prevented this and he instead assumed a position opposite Saratoga. As the two flagships commenced battering each other, Pring was able to cross in front of Eagle with Linnet while Chubb was quickly disabled and captured. Finch moved to take a position across the tail of MacDonoughs line but drifted south and grounded on Crab Island. MacDonoughs Victory While Confiances first broadsides did significant damage to Saratoga, the two ships continued to trade blows with Downie being killed when a cannon was driven into him. To the north, Pring opened fire on Eagle with the American vessel unable to turn to effectively counter. At the opposite end of the line, Preble was compelled to withdraw from the fight by Downies gunboats. These were finally halted by determined fire from Ticonderoga. Under heavy fire, Eagle severed its anchor lines and began to drift down the American line permitting Linnet to rake Saratoga. With most of his starboard guns out of action, MacDonough employed his spring lines to turn his flagship. Bringing his undamaged portside guns to bear, MacDonough opened fire on Confiance. The survivors aboard the British flagship sought to conduct a similar turn but became stuck with the frigates vulnerable stern presented to Saratoga. Incapable of further resistance, Confiance struck its colors. Pivoting Saratoga a second time, MacDonough brought its broadside to bear on Linnet. With his ship out-gunned and seeing that further resistance was futile, Pring elected to surrendered. Having gained the upper hand, the Americans proceeded to capture the entire British squadron. Aftermath MacDonoughs triumph matched that of Master Commandant Oliver H. Perry who had won a similar victory on Lake Erie the previous September. Ashore, Prà ©vosts initial efforts were delayed or turned back. Learning of Downies defeat, he elected to break off the battle as he felt any victory would be meaningless as American control of the lake would prevent him from being able to resupply his army. Though his commanders protested the decision, Prà ©vosts army began retreating north to Canada that night. For his efforts at Plattsburgh, MacDonough was hailed as hero and received a promotion to captain as well as a Congressional Gold Medal. In addition, both New York and Vermont presented him with generous grants of land. Later Career After remaining on the lake into 1815, MacDonough took command of the Portsmouth Navy Yard on July 1 where he relieved Hull. Returning to sea three years later, he joined the Mediterranean Squadron as captain of HMS Guerriere (44). During his time abroad, MacDonough contracted tuberculosis in April 1818. Due to health issues, he returned to the United States later that year where he began overseeing the construction of the ship of the line USS Ohio (74) at the New York Navy Yard. In this position for five years, MacDonough requested sea duty and received command of USS Constitution in 1824. Sailing for the Mediterranean, MacDonoughs tenure aboard the frigate proved brief as he was forced to relieve himself of command due to health issues on October 14, 1825. Sailing for home, he died off Gibraltar on November 10. MacDonoughs body was returned to the United States where it was buried in Middletown, CT next to his wife, Lucy Ann Shale MacDonough (m.1812).

Individual project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual project - Research Paper Example Differences also affect the reach to social resources, decision making, and performance potential due to lack of opportunities for a particular group. Power and authority also gets the impact from diversity issues in the workplace resulting in gaps in rewards that affect the outcomes. Human resource management plays a strategic role in the success of a firm. There are a number of issues and situations that a human resource handles in day-to-day functions. Other than maintaining the ethical standards and concepts, a human resource manager is responsible to manage workplace diversity in the organization for the strategic benefit of the firm. Challenges of workplace diversity can be met by motivating workforce via gain-sharing and executive information system via planning, organizing, and managing the human resources. Dimensions of workplace diversity relate but are not limited to age, ethnicity, ancestry, gender, physical abilities/qualities, race, sexual orientation, educational background, geographic location, income, marital status, military experience, religious beliefs, parental status, and work experience (Dr. Chan, 2010). In the book, Beyond Race and Gender, R. Roosevelt Thomas defines managing diversity as "a comprehensive managerial process for developing an environment that works for all employees" (Lindenberger & Stolz-Loike, 2010). Workforce diversity impacts organizational outcomes. According to DiTomaso et al. (2007), interest in the concept of workforce diversity was a way to identify the sudden changes in social set up that impacted the organizations widely. Although these changes in society were not abrupt but the cultural and demographic diversity impacted the workplace environment greatly. The structural dealing among groups affects the results in the short and long term. The concept has been discussed much with regard to dissemination of service in the workgroups or organizations although sufficient research has

How to be a great teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How to be a great teacher - Essay Example Through online teaching and interactive learning environments, teachers are playing a considerable role in improving the communication skills of the children by making them interact with other students in different activities. Teachers are also playing a vital role in improving the social behaviors of the students by injecting the senses of responsibility and ethics in the minds of the students. How to Become a Great Teacher Not every teacher is a great teacher. Ragos states, â€Å"The influence of a great teacher is reverberating†. A great teacher possesses such qualities and characteristics, which distinguishes him/her from all other teachers. Some of the main qualities of a great teacher include sense of humor, positive attitude, high expectations, consistency, fairness, and flexibility (Kelly). Let us now discuss in detail what a teacher needs to become a great teacher. In the discussion, we will also include the ideas and responses of Mr. Bob Overstreet, who is a high sch ool teacher from Walton High School. High Enthusiasm A great teacher is always enthusiastic about the job. According to Mr. Overstreet, high enthusiasm and passion to teach students are the keys towards a teacher’s professional success. ... Therefore, teachers need to develop interest of students in the subjects in order to make them successful. Responsiveness Another important factor, which plays a considerable role in development of a great teacher, is responsiveness. A teacher needs to respond to the queries of the students in order to satisfy them. A teacher should never ignore the query of any student. It is also one of the main responsibilities of a teacher to strengthen the concepts of the students and it can only happen if the teacher shows interest by responding to all questions raised by the students about the lecture. According to Mr. Overstreet, a great teacher is one who never leaves any question made by any student unanswered. A great teacher not only responds to the students but also ensures that the students have understood every issue related to the topic. Moreover, a great teacher is one who not only shows interest in the subject related questions raised by the students but also answers other questions related to sports, physical fitness, or any other topic. Friendliness and Communication Skills Another quality, which makes teachers great, is the friendliness and excellent communication skills of the teachers. â€Å"There are many ways to be a successful teacher but the secret lies in excellent communication skills† (Reed). According to Mr. Overstreet, teachers need to be friendly with their students in order to create an effective learning environment. Friendliness of teachers plays a vital role in making the students learn in an effective manner. It is because when a teacher creates an open and sociable learning environment in the classroom, it motivates the students to get

Personal Narrative: I am Blind Essay -- essays research papers

I am blind. But I was not always blind. I once experienced the majesty of a sunrise in late August and the awe of the deep blue sea as the sun glistens from it. Now I have only my memories to comfort me. So they sent me here, a field trip, a good experience they say, to help me cope. They sent me to a deaf school for the day, unknowing of how awkward it is for me. They gave me a buddy, but for what? We can?t communicate through speech or sign language. ? You?ll figure it out,? they say. So now I sit here, alone and desolate in darkness, hoping for the occasional memory to write upon the blank screen of my vision and bring life to this seemingly dead place. And so I sit. The chair is hard and cold as stone, like a cement chair in a jail cell. It is firm, but not strong, it squeaks and wobbles around like a fish out of water. I reach down to make sure all four legs are there. Yes, there?s four, four cold smooth spears symbolizing my demise. Spears ready to leap forward and devour me if I make the slightest wrong or sudden move. I stretch out my arms, trying to find my surroundings. To the left, nothing but air. To the right, another spear, but not like the others this spears lies on its side like the rails in my bathroom. My hand follows the cold rod. It hits something leaving a sting and cracking my thumb as it crushes against my hand. This must be the desk. I glide my hand along the smooth surface felling all the little bumps of eraser left behind. I feel along the sides and touch the rigid edges where pens have been dug in deep like sharp wounds giving the desk a unique personality. As my fingertips reach the center, I re alize just how close the desk is, only about five inches away from my rapidly beatin... ... down the hall and I encounter a revelation of thought. We are going outside. I run faster now and burst through the front doors into the great heaven. I can smell fresh cut grass on the horizon and the soft warm rays of the sun finally beam down on my face. I breath the fresh cool air and listen. My bird has come back again and sings over the crackling flames and sirens of the trucks. It sings because it is free, it sings a victory praise for me because now I am free. I sit down on the wet grass and what I understand to be my buddy takes my hand. On my hand she spells out two letters. Two letters that say everything. She spells out ?O? ?K? and I cry because I know that no matter what happens or how much I have to suffer, in the end it?s okay because I am alive and I am free. So I am still blind, but now I am blind and loving it!

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Northwest Missouri State University 51-646-40 – Managerial Accounting January 12 – February 14, 2013 – St. Joseph site Instructor: Dr. R. WoodOffice: Colden Hall 2100 (Maryville campus) Telephone: 562-1759e-mail: [email  protected] edu Secretary: 562-1835 COURSE DESCRIPTION: A graduate level course in the principles and theory of managerial and cost accounting information. The course firsts develops an understanding of the concepts and procedures for a topical area and then through questions, problems, and case readings applies them.The major topical areas include the role of accounting information to management, cost concepts, cost behavior, costing systems, budgeting, allocation, relevant costs, variances, capital budgeting, planning and control. TEXT: Managerial Accounting, Fourth Edition (2010), James Jiambalvo, Wiley, ISBN # 978-0-470-33334-1 Textbooks can be ordered through, http://www. nwmissouri. bncollege. com the Bearcat bookstore (660. 562. 1246), Am azon, or other online vendor. ARTICLE READINGS: In addition to the textbook there are required article readings.These are listed in the syllabus and at the eCompanion site under the â€Å"Articles by Chapter† heading or in the webliography. Alternatively the articles may be found at most any University library, the full reference is given in the syllabus and online. eCOMPANION SITE: The site is primarily organized by chapter. Each chapter lists the assigned review questions and problems along with their solutions, PowerPoint slides, additional problems for selected topics, and readings for some articles. Other article readings are found under the Webliography tab.A copy of the daily schedule and general syllabus items is also at the site. OPTIONAL MATERIALS: http://www. wiley. com/college/jiambalvo (click on the â€Å"Student Companion Site† link) the site offers PowerPoint slides for each chapter, review questions and quizzes. Availability is not guaranteed, it is sub ject to Wiley Publishing. COURSE OBJECTIVES: The course is designed to add understanding of management information needs, develop managerial accounting concepts, and the application of managerial accounting methods.The use of accounting data in aiding, planning, control, and decision making and its relationship to the management function is of primary importance. In addition the student will understand many of the various accounting analysis procedures available to management as well as their limitations. Upon completion of the course the student should have a broad understanding of the concepts and practice of managerial accounting, and how it aids managers in manufacturing and service environments. ATTENDANCE: Successful completion of this course requires regular class attendance, especially in this short and condensed schedule.It is the student's responsibility to obtain any information missed in class from other students, including any announcements that may affect the schedule. Lectures, discussion, announcements, or assigned material will not be repeated for the benefit of absent students. Missing four classes or half the contact hours, whichever comes first, will result in a grade reduction of one letter grade, missing five classes will result in administrative withdrawal from the course or a grade of â€Å"F† as appropriate. Northwest Missouri State University 51-646 – Managerial AccountingPREPARATION and PARTICIPATION: Preparation for class is reading all chapter and article readings prior to class, you will obtain more and contribute more to class discussion. Assigned questions, exercises, and problems are optional in that they will not be collected, however it is expected that they will be completed, they are for your benefit and will help on exams. Assignments will be reviewed in class as time permits and when requested by the student. Cases or articles will be collected and graded as noted below. Students will also be called on to pa rticipate in discussing questions, roblems, cases, and readings. GRADE DETERMINATION: 90- 100AMidterm Exam45% 80 -89BFinal Exam45% 70 –79CCollected Cases or Articles10% below70D (Failure)Total100% EXAMS: Two closed book exams will be given will be given over the chapters and material covered. The exams will cover the text (chapters, questions, problems, and cases), additional readings, any handouts, and class discussion. MAKE-UP EXAMS: No tests will be repeated for the benefit of absent students unless there is evidence of sufficient weight in the instructor's judgment to merit it.Extenuating circumstances must be verifiable with an independent source. In no case will an exam be repeated if the student fails to notify the instructor or department secretary in advance of the absence. WRITTEN CASE REPORTS: A total of two cases and/or articles will be collected and are due immediately after class discussion, they will not be accepted afterwards. It must provide a description of the case or article, the major issues of concern to management, answer the questions in the case or article, and when appropriate provide resolution to the problem(s) in the case or article.Note that the daily schedule also has additional questions for some cases. The length of the report is determined by the case or article, but should not exceed four pages. It must be typed using standard margins and type, and/or a (Excel) spreadsheet as appropriate. Cases for collection will be assigned as the semester progresses but will come from those denoted with a double asterisk (**). DISABILITY ACCOMODATIONMS: Students in this course who need disability accommodations/modifications should present a copy of their official Northwest accommodation letter from the LAP/S Committee to the instructor uring private office hours as early in the term as possible. Additional information can be found in the â€Å"Services for Students with Disabilities† brochure available at the Student Service s Center or online at www. nwmissouri. edu/swd. ACADEMIC DISHONESTY: Per University and departmental policy, academic dishonesty will result in failure and dismissal from the course and possible dismissal from the University. A more detailed description of the policy is in the graduate catalog and in the last page of the syllabus. IMPORTANT DATES: Class meetings; Saturday – January 12, 26, February 9Thursday – January 17, 31, February 14 51-646 – Managerial Accounting August 4 – September 6 2012 Daily Schedule The schedule will likely change some as the semester progresses to accommodate for class discussion and unforeseen changes. For each day the chapters to be discussed, homework and case discussion points are listed. Half-way and at the end of the course there will be an exam. Cases denoted with a double asterisk â€Å"**† may be collected and counted towards the grade. At the eCompanion site some article readings are under the chapter tab and others are linked through the webliography as noted.January 12, Saturday 9-5 pm Q=Question, Ex = Exercise, Pr = Problem CH 1: Managerial Accounting In The Information Age; Q 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 Case: 1-1 Local 635 Case 1-2 Boswell Plumbing Products CH 2: Job-Order Costing For Manufacturing And Service Companies; Q 1- 10 Ex 12 Pr 1 Case: 2-1 Brixton Surgical Devices (additional question: How are costs allocated to the product such that producing more units would result in more of overhead being buried in inventory? ) Case 2-3 Dupage Powder Coating CH 3: Process Costing; Q 1, 4, 5, 6, 10 Pr 2, 3, 8 and supplement (online) Case: 3-1 Tech-Tonic Sports DrinkJanuary 17, Thursday 6-10 pm CH 5: Variable Costing Q 1 – 5, 9, 10 Ex 4, 5 Pr 4, 12, 15 CH 6: Cost Allocation And Activity-Based Costing (and handout on service department allocation) Q 2, 5, 6, 7, 9 Pr 1, 5, 6, 12, 16 Case: 6-1 Eastside Medical Testing** Devices (additional question: Why or why not is Eastside better or worse off economically if they keep Nuclear Systems business at existing prices? ) * Estrin, T. J. Kantor, and D. Albers, â€Å"Is ABC Suitable for Your Company? † Management Accounting, April, 1994: 40-45. * Tatikonda, D. O'Brien, and R.Tatikonda, â€Å"Succeeding with 80/20,† Management Accounting, February, 1999: 40-44. January 26, Saturday 9-5 pm Complete our discussion of chapter 6 CH 4: Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis (and appendix on regression); Q 1, 3, 4, 6-10 Pr 2, 3, 4, 12, 15, 17 Case: 4-3 Krog’s Metalfab, Inc. ** (Additional requirement: estimate the lost profit using three methods or variations in the data used, one of which must be simple regression. ) CH 8: Pricing Decisions, Analyzing Customer Profitability, and Activity-Based Pricing Q 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 Ex 6, 9 Pr 3, 4, 9 Shim, E. , and E. Sudit, â€Å"How Manufacturers Price Products,† Management Accounting, February, 1995: 37-39. Midterm (chps 1, 2, 3, 5, 6) starting at about 2:30 pm January 31, Thursday 6-10 pm CH 9: Capital Budgeting And Other Long-Run Decisions (Including Appendix A, B), and handout (online); Q 4, 6, 7, 8, 10 Ex 7, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18 Case 9-2 Sergo Games** (Case clarification: use NPV analysis for each option; additional requirement: identify four qualitative considerations that would impact the decision) * Shank, J. and V.Guvindarajan, â€Å"Strategic Cost Analysis of Technological Investments,† Sloan Management Review, Fall 1992: 39-51. CH 10: Budgetary Planning And Control; Q 4, 7, 9, 10 Pr 3, 4 * Hope, Jeremy, and R. Fraser, â€Å"Who Needs Budgets? † Harvard Business Review, February, 2003: 108-115. Webliography** * Fisher, J, L. Maines, S. Peffer, and G. Sprinkle, â€Å"Using Budgets for Performance Evaluation: Effects of Resource Allocation and Horizontal Information Asymmetry on Budget Proposals, Budget Slack, and Performance,† The Accounting Review, Vol. 7, No. 4 October 2002: 847-865. Webliography. February 9, Saturday 9-5 pm Continuation of Chapter 10 discussion CH 11: Standard Costs and Variance Analysis (including the appendix) and supplement (online) Q 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 Ex 13 Pr 5, 15 Case: 11-1 Jackson Sound Case: 11-2 Champion Industries CH 12: Decentralization and Performance Evaluation (include the appendix on transfer pricing); Q 1, 2, 7, 9, 10 Ex 6, 7, 8, 10 Pr. 8 Case: 12-1 Home Value Stores * Lipe, M. G. and S.Salterio. â€Å"The Balanced Scorecard: Judgment Effects of Common and Unique Performance Measures,† The Accounting Review, July, 2000, 283-298. Webliography. * Ittner, C. , D. Larcker, and M. Meyer, â€Å"Subjectivity and the Weighing of Performance Measures: Evidence from a Balanced Scorecard† The Accounting Review, July, 2003, 725-758. Webliography. February 14, Thursday 6-10 pm Review as requested Final exam (chps. 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or chapters/material covered since the mid-term)

The After Serving Active Duty - 1809 Words

When a member of the armed forces returns home from war, or transitions from active-duty to civilian lifestyle there are many repercussions that each soldier must face. Invisible wounds such as PTSD, Depression, Suicide, Anger Issues, Alcoholism, and traumatic brain injury are all issues that a veteran may face when they are going through a major transition in their career. It is important that crisis intervention specialist recognize which invisible wound the veteran is displaying and find the origin in which it came from. It is possible for the veteran to become dangerous if they believe that their everyday life is now a war zone. However, experiences from war are not the only life event that a crisis intervention specialist must be aware of. After serving active duty it may be hard for the soldier to transition into a civilian lifestyle. If a veteran is unable to get a job, a sense of abandonment will become present. This could lead towards feelings of depression, alcoholism, and suicide, even if the veteran never went through a traumatic event while actively serving our nation. Another challenge that is present for the crisis intervention specialist when counseling a veteran is the ability to gain rapport. Often times veterans are unwilling to open up about their pain because they may perceive help from a counselor as a form of weakness. It is vital when crisis intervention specialist are dealing with veterans to take time and develop rapport on a basis of trust,Show MoreRelatedArmy Reserve1032 Words   |  5 PagesWith tensions building around the globe, it takes a multi-tiered force of highly trained, committed Soldiers to protect our freedoms and uphold democracy. This force consists of Active Duty Soldiers and Soldiers in the Army Reserve. (US Army) Many families struggle with the decision to enlist Army Reserve or Active Duty. Evaluating your current living situation can help in the final decision. Army Reserve allows you to serve your country while s till having a civilian life. I believe Army ReserveRead MoreCoping with Life as a War Vet675 Words   |  3 Pagesoften thought they were less important than other units of operation. Historically, peacekeeping missions involved soldiers serving simply as impartial observers during the interrogation and enforcement of peace between previously warring parties. However, the role of peacekeepers has changed greatly post-Cold War. The contemporary peacekeeper faces a more complex, multi-faced duty; entailing direct enforcement of peace between warring parties, and also giving humanitarian aid when necessary. These newRead MoreThe Reasons Why I Serve My Country782 Words   |  4 PagesThe reasons why I serve my country Although my reasons for serving this great country are almost endless, there are two primary reasons that brought me into the United States (US) Army. These reasons are duty and family tradition. This essay will expound upon these core reasons that have allowed me to work in a profession I love for the past ten years. My story for joining starts out the same as many other military members, on September 11th, 2001. As a freshman at Arkansas State University, I hadRead MoreDiscrimination: Veterans in the Workplace Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesis necessary to introduce current statistics into this research to show the scope of how many Veterans could possibly be affected. See appendix for statistics from 2010 (Lovelace, 2012). Whether they are reservist called to active duty returning to their workplaces or active duty members that fulfilled their obligations and are seeking a new career in the civilian workforce, they are viewed differently and many may be subjected to discrimination in the workplace. This is very unfortunate consideringRead More This Is Audie Murphy Essay610 Words   |  3 Pagesfamily after his father deserts them. He joins the army at the age of 18 and through the course of the war is decorated for valor nine times thus becoming the most decorated combat soldier in World Wa r II. Audie does one of the bravest acts any soldier ever did during the war. He climbs aboard a burning tank destroyer and single handedly keeps the enemy from advancing on his position. He spends almost an hour on top of the tank destroyer until his ammunition is exhausted. Seconds later after climbingRead MoreBenefits Of A United States Marine Corps1016 Words   |  5 Pageseducation during time of service, but a Marine can choose to go to college after the time of active duty. Depending on how many years they served, the more education the U.S. Marine could be awarded (â€Å"United States Marine Corps - Education†). A United States Marine Corps can be awarded up to a Master’s degree (â€Å"U.S. Marine Corps Forces Reserve†). A Marine has the benefit of bettering knowledge and skills just from serving our country. A U.S. Marine not only gets education benefits but also healthcareRead MoreBenefits Of A United States Marine Corps1072 Words   |  5 Pageseducation during time of service, but a Marine can choose to go to college after the time of active duty. Depending on how many years they served, the more education the U.S. Marine could be awarded (â€Å"United States Marine Corps - Education†). A United States Marine Corps can be awarded up to a Master’s degree (â€Å"U.S. Marine Corps Forces Reserve†). A Marine has the benefit of bettering knowledge and skills just from serving our country. A U.S. Marine not only gets education benefits but also healthcareRead MoreThe Psychological State of Peacekeeping Soldiers1351 Words   |  5 Pagesthan other units of operation (Mortensen, 1990). Historically, peacekeeping missions involved soldiers serving simply as impartial observers during the interrogation and enforcement of peace between previously warring parties (Moskos, C. C., Burke, J., 1994). However, the role of peacekeepers has changed greatly post-Cold War. The contemporary peacekeeper faces a more complex, multi-faced duty, entailing direct enforcement of peace between warring parties, and giving humanitarian aid when necessaryRead MoreThe American Dream, Life, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness915 Words   |  4 PagesStates of America in the late 70’s and early 80’s. My father was a hard working citizen, who spent little time at home and iced his back and feet when he did; he endured strenuous work before retiring from the railroad. My mother had the difficult duty to raise a boy basketball team and two daughters. My parents have always taught us, that if you want something, you work hard, if you work hard enough, the reward will be well worth it. This childhood lesson has followed me everywhere I go. As aRead MoreThe Arlington National Cemetery By George Washington1587 Words   |  7 PagesArlington National Cemetery because she is the grandmother of George Washington Parke Custis who owned the Arlington National Cemetery. Dandridge is Martha’s father’s last name. She gained the last names of Daniel Parke Custis and George Washington after she be-wed them. George Washington Parke Custis once was the owner of the Arlington National Cemetery. He inherited this estate from his father, John Parke Custis. Mary Randolph Custis is related to the Arlington National Cemetery because she is the

Ncaa Vs. Nba Draft - 939 Words

In college basketball players are entitled to entering the draft after their freshman year in college because of the one and done rule. NCAA does not believe they should entitled because they want the players to get a degree to secure their future. Also they are too immature for the things that come with being in the NBA. They are not fully prepared or developed for the NBA. I agree with the NCAA that they should increase the minimum of years for a college basketball player to enter the draft. You might wonder, what is the â€Å"one-and-done† rule exactly? â€Å"One-and-done† is when a player enters college and plays only one year and has a choice to either leave college for the NBA or stay for multiple years. NCAA and NBA implemented this rule because they believe that the players are too young and immature for the NBA. Before 2006, players were able to enter the NBA draft straight from high school. Prospects were not panning out and seemed like they needed a year or two develop their game. In other words, players were not meeting expectations. The NCAA wants to increase the amount of years to either two or three years that a player has to stay in college before they can consider entering the draft. The rule only lets a player enter the draft, if they’re 19 years old and one year removed from high school. Players would go to the draft because of financial reasons. Some grew up in poverty and by entering the draft would solve that problem. By creating a big pay day. Tiny Gallon said,Show MoreRelatedProfessional Basketball vs Ncaa College Basketball917 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast: Professional Basketball vs NCAA College Basketball Sports have became a huge part of our American culture. We are known worldwide for having produced some of the most top-ranked athletes in a wide variety of sports. 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The (1988-89) seasons produces $53 million and $66 million and was split between allRead MoreMichael Jordan And Kobe Bryant On Equal Footing With The Player1144 Words   |  5 PagesMichael vs Kobe The great Michael Jordan once said â€Å"To many players in today s NBA, Bryant stands on equal footing with the player he patterned his game after.† (http://www.foxsports.com/) I find it authentically interesting that if you ask Kobe Bryant he will willing confess to attempting to replicate Michael Jordan’s exclusive playing style. When Kobe was questioned concerning the allegations in regards to Kobe stealing MJ’s style of play this was his rebuttal â€Å"as a kid growing up in Italy, allRead MoreThe Legal Issue Selected And How It Affects The Sports World1860 Words   |  8 Pagessurrounding this sport law issue. 3. Suggest changes or modifications that might strengthen the current law. 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ESPNRead MoreEarly Entrance Of The National Football League Draft3467 Words   |  14 PagesEntrance: The Road to the National Football League Draft A recent article in the Wall Street Journal written in March 2014 discusses why underclassmen were suddenly leaving in droves for the NFL draft. A picture on the front depicts Johnny Manziel—who decided to leave Texas AM after his redshirt sophomore season. The article states, â€Å"Throughout the offices and film rooms of NFL teams, the whispers are building: This may be the deepest NFL draft ever. It also may be the one that ruins collegeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages6 (2005), pp. 1185–1203; and S. E. Scullen, M. K. Mount, and T. A. Judge, â€Å"Evidence of the Construct Validity of Developmental Ratings of Managerial Performance,† Journal of Applied Psychology 88, no. 1 (2003), pp. 50–66. 9. F. Luthans, â€Å"Successful vs. Effective Real Managers,† Academy of Management Executive (May 1988), pp. 127–132; and F. Luthan s, R. M. Hodgetts, and S. A. Rosenkrantz, Real Managers (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988). See also F. Shipper and J. Davy, â€Å"A Model and Investigation ofRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pages.............................................................................................................................. E x a m p l e 1 . 1 0 Graduation Rates for NCAA Division I Schools in California and Texas ââ€"  The Chronicle of Higher Education (Almanac Issue, August 31, 2001) reported graduation rates for NCAA Division I schools. The rates reported are the percentages of full-time freshmen in fall 1993 who had earned a bachelor’s degree by August 1999. Data from the two largest statesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages269 United Chemical Company 269 Byron vs. Thomas 271 Active Listening Exercise 272 SKILL APPLICATION 274 Activities for Communicating Supportively Suggested Assignments 274 Application Plan and Evaluation 274 274 SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA 276 Communicating Supportively 276 Scoring Key 276 Comparison Data 276 Communication Styles 276 Comparison Data 276 SKILL PRACTICE Diagnosing Problems and Fostering Understanding: United Chemical Company and Byron vs. Thomas 278 Observer’s Feedback Form

The Roman And Roman History - 1542 Words

Emperor Augustus ruled over a period that is known as the Roman Peace (Pax Romana), from his reign in 27 B.C to his death in 14 A.D. In Virgil’s character Anchises (As seen above), Augustus is portrayed to have brought to fruition a golden age in Roman history. His ability to turn Rome from the ravages of civil war into a prosperous empire was accomplished through the harnessing of his exceptional administrative powers. Emphasis placed on religious reinvigoration and social reform helped forge a Roman empire that ensured political and social stability amongst all classes. The flourishing of Rome’s art and poetry reached its peak due to this stability. Architecture was also used and developed significantly to develop a new sense of personal†¦show more content†¦The Ara Pacis (Altar of peace) consecrated in 9 BC was one such structure, which exemplified the celebration of peace and Roman civic ritual. Augustus utilized the great architectural minds of Agrippa to continue Caesar’s grand ambitions to celebrate the citizens of Rome. The emperor also urged other notables such as Marcius Philippus and Lucius Cornificius to construct buildings grandiose in nature. Though concrete was invented 2 centuries prior, under Augustus’ reign experimentation with the material enabled the construction of some of Ancient Rome’s most enduring architectural legacies. The sudden abundance of marble, coupled with Greek Hellenistic tradition gave rise to the materials adorning some of the grandest public works in the capital such as . A new mix of Graeco-Italic style of architecture graced these works as well. The impact of the size, quality and variety in Augustan buildings was evidence of the profound impact Augustus had on his people and subsequently, the buildings that adorned the empire. Architecture in the Augustan age flourished, it’s strength and pre-eminence in the ancient world were captured in Emperor Augustus’ final words- â€Å"I found a city of bricks and left it a city of Marble†. Though some view his words as an exaggeration, through this metaphor Augustus describes the empires strength and civic pride it had established through the presence of imposing structures.. It was with structures like these, that Rome was a beacon of

Deviance in Society Free Essays

The study of sociology demystifies that what is considered deviant behavior in one society may not qualify to be deviant in another. A number of other factors determine the qualification of this definition of deviance. For instance, deviant behaviors or acts may be classified as truly deviant depending on the condition in which they occur. We will write a custom essay sample on Deviance in Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Additionally, behaviors or acts can be tagged ‘deviant’ depending on the historical era. This implies that, from one historical time to another, some behaviors or acts universally known to be deviant behaviors are likely to change their status definitions to be ‘not deviant’ as what we can learn from Rosenhan (1973) and Eqbar (1998). This paper takes a critical look at the varying definitions of deviance in different circumstances presented by both Eqbar and Rosenhan. Sociological Approach to Deviance (Eqbar (1998) and Rosenhan (1973) Both Eqbar and Rosenhan share the same approach in defining deviance and agree that it is rather a complicated issue that needs to be understood. Eqbar attempts to explain deviance from the most complex issue of terrorism and carefully unfolds historical stories to at least come up with some imagery explanation. Eqbar explains that terrorism which is a serous matter in the world today which is ever changing begs more attention from world leaders to accurately mark on its causes and the remedial actions (Eqbar, 1998). On the other hand, the issue of proliferation of mental hospitals is an issue of importance to Rosenhan which deserves much attention. Similar to Eqbar, Rosenhan is caught in dilemma in identifying accurately who is sane and who is insane in psychiatric environment and ends up referring himself a ‘pseudopatient’ (Rosenhan, 1973) Eqbar’s Approach to Deviance The sociological interpretations have used history as a tool to understand how deviance can change with time. One of the most relevant is examples is presented by Eqbar (1998). Ahmad Eqbar while delivering a presentation at the University of Colorado in October 12th, 1998, identified how the West perceived Yasir Arafat and how this perception faded with time and almost disappeared. Between 1969 and1990 the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was the centerpiece for all terrorist activities and Arafat was time and again described by the Western media as the â€Å"Chief of Terrorism† particularly by the New York Times William Safire (Eqbar, 1998). Earlier in 1930s and 1940s, the same description was coined to the Jewish underground living in Palestine. However, things changed and the image was turned inside out! Eqbar (1998) noticed a unique marriage between the West and Arafat when he saw a picture of the leaders Arafat, Bill Clinton and the Israeli’s Prime Minster, Benjamin Netan seated together on the September 29th, 1998. Arafat who was frequently known as a man of the guns and an enemy to the Western people was at this moment branded a new image. This example as observed by Eqbar clearly indicates that the labeling of objects or personalities as deviant tends to change with history. Yet another shocking experience Eqbar writes about is the time when President Ronald Reagan, from the West, warmly received a group of men from the East in the White House. In his speech, President Reagan in 1985 referred the bearded men as the Afghan Mujahiddin who acted as the â€Å"moral equivalent of America’s founding fathers† (Eqbar, 1998). A rather controversial reminder is the one time peaceful relationship that existed between the al-Qaeda leader, Osama Bin Laden and Thomas Jefferson and George Washington. Bin Laden who after the September 11 attach was expected to be killed was a moral equivalent of the two leaders (Eqbar, 1998) but was demoted and got angrier to revenge in all ways. According to Eqbar (1998), deviance is seen to change with time as he draws an example of terrorism. Bin Laden, who was once the moral equivalent to Jefferson and Washington became a dangerous terrorist after his status demotion. In this perspective, Eqbar tries to explain that terrorism, which is a deviant behavior, tends to change with time such that today’s hero is tomorrow’s terrorist and today’s terrorist is tomorrow’s hero (Eqbar, 1998). Rosenhan’s Approach to Deviance Another sociological approach to deviance can be seen in the works of Rosenhan (1973). Rosenhan takes us to the sociological environment of a psychiatric hospital where he finds himself in a state of dilemma to differentiate sane people from the insane. He blames factors such as depersonalization, powerlessness, mortification, segregation as well as self-labeling in playing critical roles in counter-therapeutics. In psychiatric hospitals, it emerges to be a challenge to make distinctions between the sane and the insane. The meaning of behavior in the hospital environment can easily be construed. Rosenhan (1973) takes us through some of the conditions that totally change the true meaning of sanity in hospital environment and we can make an extrapolation to one of the sociological understanding that deviance is relative to the prevailing conditions. The conditions in hospital environment such segregation, depersonalization, self-labeling and mortification which are always crafted in larger part construe the meaning of sanity. Dealing with Deviance in the Society Important insights can be obtained from the two approaches and definitions of deviance. The two definitions, Ember’s and Rosenhan’s can be intermarried to help solve crimes such as terrorism, rape, drug abuse, felony and murder which have become a challenge in the society. There seems to be different approaches how people view both issues of terrorism and sanity. Understanding the approaches drawn by Eqbar and Rosenhan will help appreciate these differences and deal with crime in the society. Deviance changes with time as Eqbar draws it from the observation of Osama Bin Laden who was once a friend to the western and later become the worst enemy. Equally, the change of deviance is drawn by Eqbar in the case of Arafat who was once an enemy to the West but later a friend. While Rosenhan does not provide a straightforward definition on how to differentiate sanity from insanity in hospital environments, he admits that the psychiatric hospital provides a unique environment that makes the definition of sanity to surface. Rosenhan (1973) identifies the existence of hospital conditions such as depersonalization, powerlessness, mortification, segregation as well as self-labeling to play a critical role in counter-therapeutics. The issue of proliferation of mental facilities in communities is the aim of Rosenhan’s approach. Using Rosenhan’s approach will ease the pressure in these facilities as the accurate psychiatric labels will be used in admitting individuals in psychiatric community facilities (Rosenhan, 1973). Another issue that might be solved from Rosenhan’s approach is the need to increase the manner how mental health workers should be sensitive to the position of psychiatric patients in Catch 22 and increase research into psychiatry. This is because to other people, one can be tagged insane while to others ‘sane’. This is similar to what Eqbar observed in the issue of terrorism. Together, these approaches can be applied in understanding and reducing deviance in the society. References: Eqbar, A. (1998). Terrorism: theirs and ours. Retrieved August 15, 2010 from,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://therearenosunglasses.wordpress.com/2010/01/31/terrorism-theirs-and-ours/ Rosenhan, D.L (1973). On being sane in insane places. Retrieved August 15, 2010 from,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://psychrights.org/articles/rosenham.htm How to cite Deviance in Society, Papers

Legal Principles Contract Act

Question: 1. Connor urgently needed cash. So he decided to sell his car by parking it outside his house with a notice on the windscreen stating: For sale. Excellent condition-one owner. $26,000 or nearest offer. Please call here at my home number 48 or phone 100 333 only. On Monday at 9am Dolly saw the car but decided not to stop as she was late for work. She phoned from work and told Connor that she would give him $23,000 for his car. Connor said he would consider it. Eileen saw the car and called at number 48 on Monday at 11am. However, the only person there was Connors daughter, Hetti. Eileen wrote a note saying: Monday 11.05 am. Please keep the car for me. Here is my cheque for $26,000Eileen. Hetti left the note on Connors desk in his study. On Monday afternoon Connor decided to sell the car to Dolly for $23,000. He posted a letter at 2.30pm that day to Dollys business address stating: I agree to sell you my car on your terms. This letter was received by Dolly on Wednesday at 10am. At 4.30pm on Monday Connor read Eileens note. He immediately phoned Dollys business address and left a message on her recorded answering service: Ignore my letter that you will receive the deal for my car is off. Dolly was away on business and listened to the recorded message only on Wednesday evening at 8pm. At 2.15pm on Monday Fiona saw the notice on the car and hurriedly posted a letter stating that she would buy the car for the price of $26,000. She sent a cheque with the letter and posted the letter just in time for the 3.30pm postal collection. Unfortunately, as Fiona failed to address the letter correctly it arrived only on Friday. Advise: a.Connor b.Dolly c.Eileen, and d.Fiona of their legal rights and obligations in relation to the above matters. You are required to support your answer by reference to relevant legal authority. 2. Dan took his dinner suit and his wifes silk dress to the Toff Dry Cleaners, a firm his family used whenever they had dry cleaning to be done. He was handed a docket and as usual he placed it in his wallet without reading it. When Dan called to collect the clothing he was told that his dinner suit was missing and his wifes silk dress was badly stained. No explanation was given about the stained dress. However, one of the assistants recalled handing the dinner suit to a customer who had apparently lost his docket but was able to identify the dinner suit when allowed to sort through the rack of dry cleaned clothing awaiting collection by customers. Dan demanded compensation but the owner of Toff Dry Cleaners referred Dan to a clause on the docket which read: We will not be liable for any loss or damage to clothing left for cleaning. The owner also pointed to a sign at the back of the shop which had been displayed there for some time. The sign said: We take all care in the dry cleaning of our customers clothing but we regret we cannot take any responsibility for loss or damage however caused. Dan protested that he had never read the sign or the docket. 1.Advise Dan whether he is entitled to compensation from Toff Dry Cleaners. 2.Would it make any difference if Dan had noticed the clause on the docket and theassistant had said: That excludes liability for damage to buttons and zippers(2 marks) 3.ASSUME that Dan is entitled to compensation for the loss of his dinner suit and the stainedsilk dress. He now tells you that because of what has happened his wife has sufferedemotional distress because the dress was a family heirloom. He also tells you that he andhis wife had to hire, at considerable expense, a dinner suit and a dress for a formal occasionbecause of the loss and damage. Answer: 1. Issue Offer advice to some individuals i.e. Connor, Dolly, Eileen and Flora in light of the facts involved along with the applicable legal principles. Law To execute a legally valid contract, it is mandatory to have a lawful agreement in place. An agreement of such nature would involve a valid offer from the offeror and a valid acceptance from the offeree. Besides, it is required that the acceptance offered should be unconditional or else It may amount to a counter offer (Carter, 2012). Further, it is required to understand the difference between an offer and an invitation to treat. Various advertisements in order to inform the audience about the good being put to sale does not amount to an offer but amounts to only an invitation to treat. Since there is no offer communicated through the advertisement, hence acceptance on the part of the other party would not amount to the execution of a contract. This understanding is derived from the Partridge v Crittenden[1968] verdict. In this case, an advertisement was placed to communicate sale regarding certain protected birds. This advertisement formed the basis of a charge against the advertiser when he was not able to fulfil the promise. The matter went to court where it the court clarified that the advertisement amounted to an invitation to treat and hence no contract has been formed (Lindgren, 2011). Additionally, the opinion given by Lord Parker is relevant in this regard as he advocates that if advertisements were to b e regarded as offers, it would be in violation of business sense as a host of people may give acceptance due to which the obligation on the owner may well exceed the quantity of good owned by the person floating the advertisement (Pathinayake, 2014). Further, it is imperative that the acceptance must be given before the offer expiry. It is right of the offeror to withdraw offer till the time acceptance is given to the offer. In this regards, mental acceptance without communication to the offeror is incomplete and does not constitute acceptance in accordance with the Bressan v Squires [1974] case (Gibson Fraser, 2014). There are various mediums in which acceptance can be communicated to the offeror. One of these is through post and since there is a time delay in this medium, hence certain rules are pivotal with regards to postal contracts (Pendleton Vickery, 2005). The validity of postal offer is related to the time of receipt of post by the offeree. The validity of postal acceptance happens when the post is mailed with no regards to the time of the actual receipt. The above understanding is derived from the verdict of the Tallerman Co Pty Ltd v Nathan's Merchandise(1957) 98 CLR 93 case (Carter, 2012). Application To apply the above principles, the case facts need to be highlighted as shown below. Case facts There was an advertisement floated by Connor which indicated that he wanted to sell his car. This advertisement contained the consideration expected along with relevant contract details. Dolly saw the advertisement and expressed her desire to procure the car for $ 23,000. Connor did not give an acceptance but assured that he would keep the same in mind. Another customer Eileen contacted Connor at 11 am with an offer of $ 26,000 and left a note with her daughter in this regard. Connor sent an acceptance to Dolly at 2:30 pm through a postal letter. After he had sent this letter to Dolly, he got hold of the note left by Eileen and hence called to withdraw the acceptance but since Dolly was not available, his message was received by her only after couple of days. Further, Fiona was also interested in buying the car and at 2:15 pm posted a $ 26,000c cheque for Connor but due to the address being misprinted, it was received only four days later. Application of Law Based on the legal principles discussed above, it is clear that Connor through the advertisement does not communicate an offer but rather an invitation to treat whereby the aim is to invite offers and choose the best offer. The legal positions of given parties is discussed below. Dolly A valid offer was extended by $ 23,000 to the owner using correct means of communication. Acceptance to offer by Dolly was offered by Connor when he posted the letter that afternoon. In line with postal contract rules, acceptance becomes effective at the same moment when the letter indicating acceptance is sent to the offeror. Thus, in the afternoon on Monday, Connor and Dolly executed a valid contract with regards to the sale of displayed car. Later effort made by Connor to cancel the contract would not be valid until Dolly agrees for the same which is not the case here. Eileen A valid offer was made with a consideration of $ 26,000. Although Connors daughter left a note containing Eileens message, but this was read by Connor only after he had communicated acceptance to Dolly. Since the car was already sold before acceptance could be given by Connor, hence there is no enforceable contract between Eileen and Connor. Fiona An offer was made by her to buy the given car by extending $ 23,000 to the owner. This offer was communicated to Connor using postal medium. As per the information extended, Connor received this mail only on Friday. Hence, as per postal contract rules, the offer came into force on Friday but the car was sold only on Monday. Since the car was already sold before offer could be made to Connor, hence there is no enforceable contract between Eileen and Connor. On the basis of the above discussion, it may be concluded that Connor and Dolly have executed a legal contract in regards to the displayed car. To discharge the contractual obligations, Dolly should offer $ 23,000 to Connor and in turn Connor should turn the possession of his car to Dolly. In case, any of the two fails to comply with their respective obligations, then the result would be in breach of contract and legal implications for the non-compliant party. Conclusion There is valid contract for car sale between Dolly and Connor and both parties should comply with their respective obligations to avoid legal implications. The other parties merely made an offer but failed to get an acceptance from Connor. 2.Part (a)Issue Bases on the case facts, the aim is to advice on the prospects of Dan being successful in receiving compensation from Toff Dry Cleaners. Law With regards to the terms that are mentioned on the receipt, three conditions should be ascertained in order for the court to take cognizance of these. The conditions are as mentioned below. The contract terms must be notified either during the contract execution or before that as has been highlighted in the verdict of Olley v Marlborough Court Hotel[1949] case (Lindgren, 2011). Under one condition the above rule is not obeyed i.e. when the parties involved in the contract have had past dealings and on account of these the terms are implied even without stating (Carter, 2012). The document that contains the terms must be intended towards initiation of contractual relations between the party as indicated through the verdict of Chapelton v Barry Urban District Council[1940] case. The summary of the above case judgement that receipt is not a proper document for documenting the clauses of the contract and should be instead stated on a worthy document (Latimer, 2005). Reasonable measures must be undertaken by the party to bring these terms to other partys notice as evident in the verdict of the Parker v South Eastern Railway Company[1877] case. This case highlighted that the party entrusted with the task of receipt issuance is responsible for undertaking reasonable efforts to make the other party aware with the terms. However, in case even after these efforts, the other party may not go through the conditions but then the terms would be enforceable (Gibson Fraser, 2014). A case worth mentioning is the Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co [1951]. The wedding dress was given by defendants for cleaning and the a receipt was signed while the plaintiffs assistance communicated that there would not be any liability on the part of the cleaner for damage caused to beads and sequins. The assistant had miscommunicated the clause which in actuality absolved the cleaner of all liability in case of any cloth getting damage. The dress got damaged and the courts ruling was that damages be paid by defendant due to miscommunication by assistant (Lindgren, 2011). Also, tort law plays a critical role in commercial transactions as well since the negligible behaviour is not acceptable and inclusion of an exemption clause in the receipt does not indemnify the party of such behaviour. Even if the applicability of the exemption clause is confirmed by meeting all criteria, liability cannot be escaped under the guise of exemption clause in cases of negligent behaviour as reasonable care is expected (Davenport Parker, 2014). Application Dan offers clothes to the cleaner and receives the docket without reading the same, When at the scheduled date, he came for receipt of cleaned clothes, the drycleaner could not find his suit and there were heavy staining of the silk dress which belonging to his wife. Compensation was asked for by Dan but the owner of the shop indicated to exemption clause contained on the back side of the docket. The exemption clause indemnified the cleaner from any loss or damage to the clothes. Dan claimed that he was not aware of this clause and had not read it. On the basis of the discussion in the above section, it may be stated that Dan should get compensation from the owner of the shop. This is because the loss of Dans suit happened because of negligent behaviour by the staff who offered Dans suit to other client whose docket had misplaced. Adequate cross verification was not done. Further, with regards to silk dress getting stained, the exemption clause would not be applicable as reasonable efforts by the dry cleaner have not been taken to draw Dans attention to the exemption clause and despite past dealings, he was unaware about the existence of the same. Now if the Dan was aware about the exclusion clause, then also he would be successful in drawing compensation from the cleaner. Dans suit has been lost due to negligence which is evident that adequate cross verification was not done. There is a tacit duty to care on the cleaner with regards to clothes of customers and this duty has not been adhered to by the cleaner. Thus, Dan is entitled to compensation for the suit. Regarding the silk dress also, Dan is entitled for compensation as the assistant has wrongly stated the exemption clause. Thus, in accordance with the Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co case, Dan can claim compensation in this case also. In accordance with the legal principles driving tort law, the drycleaner has a duty to care towards the clothes handed over by the customers. It is evident based on the given facts the negligence on account of the drycleaner is the main reason for the damage caused to the dress. Further, due to the negligent behaviour by the drycleaner, inconvenience caused to the customers will have to be borne by the negligent party only. This in in line with the basic principle that damage could have been prevented had the party not breached duty to care. Thus, if the drycleaner was not negligent in its conduct, this damage caused to Dan and his wife would not have taken place (Davenport Parker, 2014). Hence, expenses involved in dress hiring can be claimed and the drycleaner would need to compensate Dan for this damage caused. References Carter, J. (2012), Contract Act in Australia, Sydney: LexisNexis Publications, Davenport, S. and Parker, D. (2014), Business and Law in Australia, Sydney: LexisNexis Publications Gibson, A. and Fraser, D. (2014), Business Law, Sydney: Pearson Publications Latimer, P. (2005), Australian business law, Sydney: CCH Australia Ltd. Lindgren, K.E. (2011), Vermeesch and Lindgren's Business Law of Australia, Sydney: LexisNexis Publications Pendleton, W. and Vickery, N. (2005). Australian business law: principles and applications, Sydney: Pearson Publications Pathinayake, A. (2014), Commercial and Corporations Law, Sydney: Thomson-Reuters, Case Laws Bressan v Squires [1974] 2 NSWLR 460 Chapelton v Barry Urban District Council[1940] 1 KB Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co [1951] 1 KB 805. Olley v Marlborough Court Hotel[1949] 1 KB 532 Parker v South Eastern Railway Company[1877] 2 CPD 416 Partridge v Crittenden[1968] 1 WLR 1204 Tallerman Co Pty Ltd v Nathan's Merchandise(1957) 98 CLR 93